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Federated Learning for Cybersecurity: Challenges and Future Directions

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Computing and Artificial Intelligence".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2025) | Viewed by 997

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: artificial intelligence; swarm intelligence; edge intelligence; privacy protection; network security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: edge computing and edge intelligence; AI security; security and privacy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200050, China
Interests: edge computing and edge intelligence; federated learning; security and privacy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cybersecurity threats are evolving unprecedentedly, necessitating advanced solutions that balance robust threat detection with stringent data privacy requirements. Federated Learning (FL), a decentralized machine learning paradigm, has emerged as a transformative approach to address these dual challenges. By enabling collaborative model training across distributed devices or servers without centralized data aggregation, FL mitigates privacy risks while fostering scalable and inclusive threat intelligence. However, deploying FL in cybersecurity contexts introduces unique challenges, including communication efficiency, robustness against adversarial attacks, and heterogeneity in data distributions. This Special Issue seeks to foster the understanding of FL’s role in cybersecurity, advancing both theoretical foundations and practical implementations of FL for cybersecurity. We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, which aims to consolidate cutting-edge research and multidisciplinary perspectives on FL’s applications, limitations, and opportunities in cybersecurity. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Communication-efficient FL for Cybersecurity;
  • Privacy-Preserving FL for Cybersecurity;
  • Heterogeneity managementin FL for Cybersecurity;
  • Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in FL for Cybersecurity;
  • Scalability and Resource Optimization in FL for Cybersecurity;
  • Blockchain-Enabled FL for Cybersecurity;
  • FL for Anomaly Detection and Threat Intelligence;
  • FL for Secure IoT and Edge Computing;
  • Explainable and Interpretable FL for Cybersecurity;
  • Benchmarking and evaluation metricsfor FL in cybersecurity applications.

Dr. Peng Sun
Prof. Dr. Honglong Chen
Dr. Liantao Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • federated learning
  • cybersecurity
  • attacks and defenses

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 5278 KB  
Article
Blockchain-Enabled Hierarchical Federated Learning Framework for Anomaly Detection in IoT Systems
by Haya Saleh Alharthi, Suhair Alshehri and Manal Kalkatawi
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(24), 13037; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152413037 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 376
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) across domains such as industrial automation, smart healthcare, and intelligent transportation has intensified security challenges, particularly in terms of detecting anomalies across large-scale, heterogeneous networks. To address these challenges, this study introduces a blockchain-enabled [...] Read more.
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) across domains such as industrial automation, smart healthcare, and intelligent transportation has intensified security challenges, particularly in terms of detecting anomalies across large-scale, heterogeneous networks. To address these challenges, this study introduces a blockchain-enabled hierarchical federated learning (Block-HFL) approach that combines federated model aggregation with blockchain-based authentication and immutable storage. This approach has enhanced scalability, reduced communication latency, and ensured trustworthy model management while preserving data privacy. In comparison with existing hierarchical and non-hierarchical FL approaches, the proposed Block-HFL framework introduces an accuracy-based leader election mechanism that enhances fairness and improves global model convergence. Experimental evaluations on the Edge-IIoTset dataset show that Block-HFL consistently maintains detection accuracy above 94% as the number of clients increases from 4 to 16, outperforming baseline FL models under similar non-IID conditions. Moreover, blockchain integration ensures secure, transparent, and tamper-proof global model management with minimal computational cost, confirming that the proposed framework provides an efficient and trustworthy solution for distributed anomaly detection in IoT systems. Full article
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