Ageing Aircraft and Additive Manufacturing

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 8297

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
2. ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre on Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Interests: ageing aircraft; composites; bonded structures; fatigue and failure; additive manufacturing; cold spray
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The design of aerospace vehicles requires that all structures and repairs to load bearing structural elements be designed in accordance with damage tolerance design principles, which are largely based on the discipline of fracture mechanics, and which for military aircraft are detailed in the Joint Services Structural Guidelines JSSG2006 and in the USAF Damage Tolerant Design Handbook. This design philosophy has evolved as a result of a number of high-profile (military and civil aircraft) incidents, viz: The 1954 Comet failures, the 1958 B-47 accidents, the 1969 F-111 accident, the 1978 Dan Air 707 Lusaka accident, and the 1988 Aloha 737 accident.

While the problem of ageing aircraft was initially associated with metallic airframes, it is now recognized that composite and bonded structures are also at risk. Here the primary challenges are associated with the disbonding of bonded structures, and the effect of delamination and impact damage on composite airframes. The problem is accentuated in that most composite and bonded airframes are designed to a “no growth” philosophy. Hence, any growth means that the certification basis of the aircraft may be compromised.

In this context the US Under Secretary, Acquisition and Sustainment has recently enunciated that the DoD will use AM to “enable the transformation of maintenance operations and supply chains, increase logistics resiliency, and improve self-sustainment and readiness for DoD forces”. He further stated that: “AM parts or AM repair processes can be used in both critical and non-critical applications”. 

As a result this Special Issue will address topics associated with:

  • Ageing metallic aircraft
  • The effect of corrosion on aircraft structural integrity
  • Composite and bonded airframes
  • AM replacement parts, and AM repairs (cold spray, laser additive metal deposition, etc.)
  • Bonded repairs to ageing aircraft

Prof. Dr. Rhys Jones AC
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ageing aircraft
  • disbonding
  • delamination growth
  • additively manufactured parts
  • cold spray repairs

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 9065 KiB  
Article
Experimental Studies into the Analysis Required for the Durability Assessment of 7075 and 6061 Cold Spray Repairs to Military Aircraft
by Rhys Jones, Neil Matthews, Daren Peng, R. K. Singh Raman and Nam Phan
Aerospace 2020, 7(9), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7090119 - 19 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3620
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study into the analysis required for the durability assessment of 7075 and 6061 cold spray repairs to military aircraft. To this end, it is first shown that provided the bulk stress in a 7075 cold spray coating can [...] Read more.
This paper presents an experimental study into the analysis required for the durability assessment of 7075 and 6061 cold spray repairs to military aircraft. To this end, it is first shown that provided the bulk stress in a 7075 cold spray coating can be kept beneath approximately 150 MPa, then the coating should not crack. A range of examples are presented in which the interface between the coating and the substrate only fails subsequent to crack growth in the substrate. We also show that failure of cold spray repaired/coated panels can also be due to the nucleation and growth of cracks in the substructure immediately adjacent to the coated/repaired region. As such, when performing a durability analysis for a cold spray repair, the growth of such small naturally occurring cracks, both at the interface and immediately adjacent to the ends of the coating, need to be accounted for. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ageing Aircraft and Additive Manufacturing)
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21 pages, 2541 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Lifecycle Cost Modeling for Adaptable Design Optimization of Additively Remanufactured Aeroengine Components
by Lydia Lawand, Massimo Panarotto, Petter Andersson, Ola Isaksson and Michael Kokkolaras
Aerospace 2020, 7(8), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7080110 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4051
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used increasingly for repair and remanufacturing of aeroengine components. This enables the consideration of a design margin approach to satisfy changing requirements, in which component lifespan can be optimized for different lifecycle scenarios. This paradigm requires lifecycle cost [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used increasingly for repair and remanufacturing of aeroengine components. This enables the consideration of a design margin approach to satisfy changing requirements, in which component lifespan can be optimized for different lifecycle scenarios. This paradigm requires lifecycle cost (LCC) modeling; however, the LCC models available in the literature consider mostly the manufacturing of a component, not its repair or remanufacturing. There is thus a need for an LCC model that can consider AM for repair/remanufacturing to quantify corresponding costs and benefits. This paper presents a dynamic LCC model that estimates cumulative costs over the in-service phase and a nested design optimization problem formulation that determines the optimal component lifespan range to minimize overall cost while maximizing performance. The developed methodology is demonstrated by means of an aeroengine turbine rear structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ageing Aircraft and Additive Manufacturing)
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