Optimal Control in Astrodynamics

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310). This special issue belongs to the section "Astronautics & Space Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 428

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Astronautical, Electrical, and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: astrodynamics and aerospace trajectory optimization; aerospace mission analysis and design; analytical and numerical methods for trajectory optimization; guidance and control of aerospace vehicles; dynamic game theory applied to aerospace trajectories
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E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: low-energy trajectories; attitude control systems development; microsatellite interplanetary missions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Astrodynamics investigates the natural and controlled motion of space vehicles in a variety of dynamical environments and scenarios. Space missions of increasing complexity have been designed in recent years. In the near-future, spacecraft operational requirements are expected to become even more demanding. This makes astrodynamics an extremely fertile field for the application of optimal control theory and its most advanced developments. At the same time, the increasing permeation of theory and applications leads to disclosing new and unexpected challenges, of either a theoretical or practical nature.

The objective of this Special Issue entitled “Optimal Control in Astrodynamics” is in presenting valuable contributions in the field of optimal control applied to spacecraft dynamics, with a special focus on orbital mechanics and attitude dynamics, in a variety of mission scenarios. Submissions are solicited related to optimal control in the following dynamical contexts:

  • Space mission design in multibody environments;
  • Dynamic programming and its applications to space trajectories;
  • Minimum-fuel and minimum-time orbit transfers;
  • Ascent trajectories of launch vehicles;
  • Spacecraft operations, including proximity maneuvers, rendezvous, and docking;
  • Planetary descent and landing;
  • Decentralized optimal control in multi-agent space systems;
  • Satellite constellations, formation flying, and spacecraft clusters;
  • Theory of differential games and its application to space trajectories;
  • Spacecraft guidance and control;
  • Spacecraft attitude maneuvering.

Dr. Mauro Pontani
Dr. Stefano Carletta
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • astrodynamics
  • space trajectory optimization
  • spacecraft guidance and control
  • spacecraft attitude
  • spacecraft operations
  • satellite constellations

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

29 pages, 4213 KB  
Article
Extended Necessary Conditions for Multi-Arc Aerospace Trajectory Optimization
by Mauro Pontani
Aerospace 2025, 12(12), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12121073 - 30 Nov 2025
Viewed by 105
Abstract
A variety of aerospace trajectory optimization problems are subject to either discontinuities or constraints at intermediate times, which define multiple arcs with distinctive governing equations. This work addresses multi-arc optimal control problems, with special interest regarding aerospace trajectories, and specifically focuses on the [...] Read more.
A variety of aerospace trajectory optimization problems are subject to either discontinuities or constraints at intermediate times, which define multiple arcs with distinctive governing equations. This work addresses multi-arc optimal control problems, with special interest regarding aerospace trajectories, and specifically focuses on the multipoint corner conditions that belong to the complete set of necessary conditions for an extremal, in the context of a general formulation. This includes intermediate times and states in the objective functional, together with unknown time-independent parameters. This study shows that 16 cases can occur for the multipoint corner conditions and groups them into three classes. Explicit, closed-form solutions of the multipoint corner relations are identified in each class, if certain conditions are met. In an indirect solution approach, these explicit expressions can be employed sequentially, thus reducing the number of unknowns of multi-arc problems to the same number of single-arc optimal control problems. This is extremely useful in the presence of a large number of arcs. Two challenging aerospace trajectory optimization problems are analyzed as illustrative examples, i.e., (i) the minimum-fuel ascent path of a multistage launch vehicle and (ii) minimum-time low-thrust orbit transfers with eclipse constraints on the available thrust. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimal Control in Astrodynamics)
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