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19 September 2025
Fractal and Fractional | Highly Cited Papers in 2023

All the articles published in Fractal and Fractional (ISSN: 2504-3110) are in an open access format, granting our readers free and unlimited access to the full text of every article. We welcome you to read our most highly cited papers published in 2023, which are listed below:
1. “A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller”
by Fahad M. Almasoudi, Gaber Magdy, Abualkasim Bakeer, Khaled Saleem S. Alatawi and Mahmoud Rihan
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(6), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7060435
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/6/435
2. “Hydration and Fractal Analysis on Low-Heat Portland Cement Pastes Using Thermodynamics-Based Methods”
by Yifan Zhou, Wenwei Li, Yuxiang Peng, Shengwen Tang, Lei Wang, Yan Shi, Yang Li, Yang Wang, Zhicheng Geng and Kai Wu
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(8), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7080606
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/8/606
3. “Multiple-Layer Image Encryption Utilizing Fractional-Order Chen Hyperchaotic Map and Cryptographically Secure PRNGs”
by Wassim Alexan, Nader Alexan and Mohamed Gabr
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(4), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7040287
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/4/287
4. “Comparing Market Efficiency in Developed, Emerging, and Frontier Equity Markets: A Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis”
by Min-Jae Lee and Sun-Yong Choi
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(6), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7060478
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/6/478
5. “Solitary Wave Solutions to a Fractional Model Using the Improved Modified Extended Tanh-Function Method”
by Mohammed Bakheet Almatrafi
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(3), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7030252
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/3/252
6. “Eighth-Kind Chebyshev Polynomials Collocation Algorithm for the Nonlinear Time-Fractional Generalized Kawahara Equation”
by Waleed Mohamed Abd-Elhameed, Youssri Hassan Youssri, Amr Kamel Amin and Ahmed Gamal Atta
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(9), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7090652
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/9/652
7. “Synchronization of Fractional-Order Delayed Neural Networks Using Dynamic-Free Adaptive Sliding Mode Control”
by Majid Roohi, Chongqi Zhang, Mostafa Taheri and Andreas Basse-O’Connor
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(9), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7090682
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/9/682
8. “Bifurcation and Stability of Two-Dimensional Activator–Inhibitor Model with Fractional-Order Derivative”
by Messaoud Berkal and Mohammed Bakheet Almatrafi
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(5), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7050344
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/5/344
9. “Fractional-Order Control Techniques for Renewable Energy and Energy-Storage-Integrated Power Systems: A Review”
by Masoud Alilou, Hatef Azami, Arman Oshnoei, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo and Remus Teodorescu
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(5), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7050391
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/5/391
We would additionally like to invite you to view and submit relevant papers to Fractal Fract.
Fractal and Fractional Editorial Office