Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling and Its Therapeutic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
3. The Molecular Mechanisms of IR in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
4. Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
4.1. A Brief Review of the Operative Procedure of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
4.2. How Many Punctures Are Needed during the Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling Procedure?
4.3. Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
5. The Effects of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
5.1. Ovulation and Pregnancy Rates after Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
5.2. Metabolic Effects of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
5.3. Predictors of Success after Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
5.4. Long-Term Effects of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMH | anti-Müllerian hormone |
AI | aromatase inhibitors |
ART | assistance reproductive technique |
BW | body weight |
CAPN10 | Calpain-10 |
CC | clomiphene citrate |
CCL2 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 |
CD163 | cluster of differentiation 163 |
DENND | differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development |
DHEA-S | dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate |
FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
GABA | gamma amino butyric acid |
GnRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
GCKR | glucokinase regulatory protein |
GCSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
GLUT-4 | glucose transporter type 4 |
IL | interleukin |
ICAM1 | intercellular adhesion molecule 1 |
iNOS | oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase |
IR | insulin resistance |
IRS | insulin receptor substrate |
IVF | in vitro fertilization |
ICSI-ET | intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer |
LH | luteinizing hormone |
LOD | laparoscopic ovarian drilling |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
microRNAs | small noncoding micro ribonucleic acid |
MIF | macrophage inhibitory factor |
MTHFR | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase |
MMP | matrix metalloproteinase family |
NAD | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
NAMPT | nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase |
Nd:YAG | neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet |
NEGR1 | neuronal growth regulator 1 |
NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
OHSS | ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome |
OMLOD | office microlaparoscopic ovarian drilling |
PBEF1 | pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor 1 |
PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome |
PI-3K | phosphatidylinositol (PI)3-kinase |
RAB5B | RAS-related protein 5b |
RARRES2 | retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
TGF-β1 | transforming growth factor beta 1 |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor alpha |
TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 |
VEGF | vascular epithelial growth factor |
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Author (Years) [Ref] | Article | Comparison | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Bordewijk (2020) [39] | Review | LOD with or without medical ovulation induction vs. medical ovulation induction alone | Live birth: Slightly ameliorated by LOD (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.92) |
Yu (2019) [116] | Review | Letrozole vs. LOD | No difference in ovulation rate (RR1.12; 95% CI 0.93–1.34), and live birth rate (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.96–1.68) |
Debras (2019) [66] | Multicenter study | LOD alone, long term effect | Mean follow-up period was 28.4 months (25.3–31.5). At least 47.4% women got pregnancy after a drilling. |
Abu Hashim (2018) [38] | Review | BLOD vs. ULOD | No significant differences in ovulation (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.47–1.11) and live birth (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.28–2.10). |
Franik (2018) [42] | Review | AI+/− adjuvants vs. LOD | Live birth: OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.95–2.02 |
Abu Hashim (2015) [31] | Review | CC+M vs. LOD | Live birth: OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.22–4.17 |
Kaur (2013) [117] | Observational study | LOD alone | Clinical pregnancy rate: 47.3%; live birth rate: 40.5% |
Nasr (2012) [118] | RCT | Electrocautery vs. harmonic scalpel | Similar ovulation rate (89% vs. 92.9%) and pregnancy rate (50% vs. 57%). |
Farquhar (2012) [119] | Review | LOD vs. medical treatments | Live birth: 34% vs. 38%. No significant difference. |
Abu Hashim (2011) [120] | RCT | CC+M vs. LOD | Similar ovulation rate (67% vs. 68.4%) and pregnancy rate (15.4% vs. 17%). |
Abdullah (2011) [121] | RCT | Letrozole vs. LOD | Ovulation rate: Significantly higher in the letrozole than LOD (59.0% vs. 47.5%). Similar live birth rate. |
Roy (2010) [122] | RCT | Rosiglitazone + CC vs. LOD + CC | Similar ovulation (80.8 vs. 81.5%) and pregnancy rate (50 vs. 42.8%). |
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Seow, K.-M.; Chang, Y.-W.; Chen, K.-H.; Juan, C.-C.; Huang, C.-Y.; Lin, L.-T.; Tsui, K.-H.; Chen, Y.-J.; Lee, W.-L.; Wang, P.-H. Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling and Its Therapeutic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218147
Seow K-M, Chang Y-W, Chen K-H, Juan C-C, Huang C-Y, Lin L-T, Tsui K-H, Chen Y-J, Lee W-L, Wang P-H. Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling and Its Therapeutic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218147
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeow, Kok-Min, Yi-Wen Chang, Kuo-Hu Chen, Chi-Chang Juan, Chen-Yu Huang, Li-Te Lin, Kuan-Hao Tsui, Yi-Jen Chen, Wen-Ling Lee, and Peng-Hui Wang. 2020. "Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling and Its Therapeutic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218147