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Environ. Earth Sci. Proc., 2025, IOCTO 2025

The 2nd International Online Conference on Toxics

Online | 8–10 September 2025

Volume Editor:
Natalia Garcia-Reyero, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
Carlos Barata, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

Number of Papers: 1

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Cover Story (view full-size image): The 2nd International Online Conference on Toxics is held virtually on 8–10 September 2025. Under the theme “From Molecules to Adverse Outcomes”, this premier event unites [...] Read more.

7 pages, 861 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Implications for Human Health and Environmental Safety

by Newton Neogi, Kristi Priya Choudhury, Ibrahim Hossain, Sabbir Hossain and Md. Golam Sazid

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 37(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025037001 - 19 Nov 2025

Viewed by 301

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs), which possess unique physicochemical qualities such as large surface area and reactivity, have brought about a revolution in a variety of sectors, including medicine and electronics. The growing ubiquity of these substances, on the other hand, has given rise to worries over the toxicological effects they have on human health and ecosystems. The condition known as oxidative stress, which is caused by an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, is one of the key processes that contribute to the toxicity of NPs. An excessive amount of ROS may cause damage to cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which can result in detrimental consequences such as inflammation, apoptosis, and the development of cancer. NP-induced oxidative stress is investigated in this work, which focuses on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for it. These processes include mitochondrial dysfunction, catalytic redox cycling, and the release of metal ions from particle disintegration. On top of that, we investigate how the features of NPs, such as their size, shape, surface charge, and composition, affect their capacity to produce ROS. Additionally, the consequences of oxidative stress for both acute and chronic health effects are examined, in addition to the function that it plays in the toxicity of the environment. The use of antioxidants and alterations to the surface of NPs are two examples of mitigation measures that are discussed in this article. The findings of this study highlight the significance of gaining knowledge of the processes behind oxidative stress to ensure the safe design and deployment of NPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Online Conference on Toxics)

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