Next Issue
Volume 5, September
Previous Issue
Volume 5, March
 
 

Wind, Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 7 articles

  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
21 pages, 2835 KiB  
Article
Vibrations from Wind Turbines Increased Self-Pollination of Native Forbs, and White Bases Attracted Pollinators: Evidence Along a 28 km Gradient in a Natural Area
by Lusha M. Tronstad, Michelle Weschler, Amy Marie Storey, Joy Handley and Bryan P. Tronstad
Wind 2025, 5(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5020015 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 345
Abstract
Knowledge of how wind turbines interact with vertebrate animals is growing rapidly; however, less is known about plants and insects. Turbines produce infrasound (≤20 Hz), and these vibrations decrease with distance from turbines. We measured seed set and pollinators at six sites 0 [...] Read more.
Knowledge of how wind turbines interact with vertebrate animals is growing rapidly; however, less is known about plants and insects. Turbines produce infrasound (≤20 Hz), and these vibrations decrease with distance from turbines. We measured seed set and pollinators at six sites 0 to 28 km from turbines. We measured the number and mass of seeds produced by self-pollination, insect pollination, and when pollen was not limiting for nine native plants. We assessed pollinators by target netting bees and butterflies during transects, and by using blue vane traps (bees only). Most plants produced fewer or lighter developed seeds through self-pollination. Seed set did not vary between the open- and hand-pollinated treatments, indicating that the pollen was not limiting. The number and mass of seeds in the self-pollination treatment decreased with distance from the turbines. Bees and butterflies were more abundant near the wind facility, based on transects. The vane traps collected the fewest insects within the wind facility, likely due to bees being attracted to the turbine bases. The pollinator assemblage at the wind facility was distinct compared to other sites. Infrasound produced by the turbines appeared to enhance self-pollination, and the turbine bases attracted pollinators. We provide data on a seldom studied yet critical topic to inform land management and agricultural decisions, and to promote new strategies as wind energy development grows. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3591 KiB  
Article
A Novel Approach to Wavelet Neural Network-Based Wind Power Forecasting
by Fedora Lia Dias and Anant J. Naik
Wind 2025, 5(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5020014 - 9 Jun 2025
Viewed by 250
Abstract
Wind energy is a renewable energy resource that can be harnessed to generate electrical energy. In this paper, a novel Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach using wavelet analysis for wind energy forecasting is proposed and tested with wind data from Kanyakumari, India, for [...] Read more.
Wind energy is a renewable energy resource that can be harnessed to generate electrical energy. In this paper, a novel Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach using wavelet analysis for wind energy forecasting is proposed and tested with wind data from Kanyakumari, India, for different seasons. The wavelet decomposition is used to decom-pose the wind power time series data into different frequency components. The model simulates the complex mapping of historical wind power to allow the forecasting of wind power data for the next 3 h or the next 24 h. The predicted components are then reconstructed to obtain the overall predicted wind energy time series. The proposed models give more promising prediction results than the model without the use of wavelets. The regression coefficient and Mean Square Error (MSE) are computed and observed in order to assess the model’s performance. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 12064 KiB  
Article
Turbulent Flow over a Rough Surface in a Wind Tunnel
by Raúl Sánchez-García and Roberto Gómez-Martínez
Wind 2025, 5(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5020013 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 233
Abstract
The estimation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rough surface (zero displacement plane d0 and aerodynamic roughness length z0) is important in the simulation of atmospheric boundary layer wind in a wind tunnel, since they are parameters involved in various [...] Read more.
The estimation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rough surface (zero displacement plane d0 and aerodynamic roughness length z0) is important in the simulation of atmospheric boundary layer wind in a wind tunnel, since they are parameters involved in various problems of meteorological and wind engineering activities. In this study, morphometric methods were used to present parameterizations of d0 and z0 as functions of roughness and areal density based on wind tunnel measurements of airflow over a rough surface. Vertical profiles of mean wind speed, turbulence intensity, boundary layer depth, and spectral density functions are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Fluid Mechanics Research in Wind Engineering)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2601 KiB  
Article
Lightning Damage Detection Method Using Autoencoder: A Case Study on Wind Turbines with Different Blade Damage Patterns
by Takuto Matsui, Kazuki Matsuoka and Kazuo Yamamoto
Wind 2025, 5(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5020012 - 22 May 2025
Viewed by 410
Abstract
There have been numerous reported accidents of lightning strikes damaging wind turbine blades, which poses a serious problem. In certain accidents, the blades that were struck by lightning continued to rotate, resulting in breakage due to centrifugal force. Considering this background, wind turbines [...] Read more.
There have been numerous reported accidents of lightning strikes damaging wind turbine blades, which poses a serious problem. In certain accidents, the blades that were struck by lightning continued to rotate, resulting in breakage due to centrifugal force. Considering this background, wind turbines situated in Japan have been mandated to be equipped with emergency stop devices. Consequently, upon detection of a lightning strike by the device installed on the wind turbine, the turbine is promptly stopped. In order to restart the wind turbine, it is necessary to verify its soundness by conducting a visual inspection. However, conducting prompt inspections can be difficult due to various factors, including inclement weather. Therefore, this process prolongs the downtime of wind turbines and reduces their availability. In this study, an approach was proposed: a SCADA data analysis method using an autoencoder to assess the soundness of wind turbines without visual inspection. The present method selected wind speed and rotational speed as effective features, employing a sliding window for pre-processing, based on previous studies. Besides, the assessment of a trained autoencoder was conducted through the utilization of the confusion matrix and the receiver operating characteristic curve. It was suggested that the availability of wind turbines could be improved by employing this proposed method to remotely and automatically verify the soundness after lightning detection. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 43841 KiB  
Article
Reflection of Wind Turbine Noise from Rough Ground Using 3D Multiple Scattering Theory
by James Naylor and Qin Qin
Wind 2025, 5(2), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5020011 - 6 May 2025
Viewed by 269
Abstract
Ground roughness is investigated for its influence on the propagation of wind turbine noise by using a proposed multiple scattering theory to predict the reflection of sound waves from a deterministic distribution of hemispheres. By using a distribution of hemispheres as an approximation [...] Read more.
Ground roughness is investigated for its influence on the propagation of wind turbine noise by using a proposed multiple scattering theory to predict the reflection of sound waves from a deterministic distribution of hemispheres. By using a distribution of hemispheres as an approximation for a realistic rough ground, a semi-analytical formulation for the reflected sound pressure is possible. Experiments are conducted within the University of Hull’s anechoic chamber and the results are compared against predictions from the proposed theory. Good agreement between the results is shown. The proposed multiple scattering theory also gives results consistent with a three-dimensional boundary element method, while having significantly shorter computation times and smaller memory requirements. Furthermore, results remain accurate up to the point where the radii of the hemispheres are comparable to the wavelengths of interest, which means that the scattering effect can be investigated more completely. When the proposed theory was applied to the unique source–receiver geometry of a wind turbine and a human height receiver, the excess attenuation calculated over an array of receivers showed significant fluctuations in sound pressure which were attributed to the ground roughness. Further works aim to incorporate weak refraction effects and ground absorption to analyze the relative influence of different parameters. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1623 KiB  
Article
Examining the Main Properties of a “Meso-Scale” Torsional Flutter Harvester in Gusty Winds
by Luca Caracoglia
Wind 2025, 5(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5020010 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 300
Abstract
This study examines output energy and efficiency of a torsional flutter harvester in gusty winds. The proposed apparatus exploits the torsional flutter of a rigid flapping foil, able to rotate about a pivot axis located in the proximity of the windward side. The [...] Read more.
This study examines output energy and efficiency of a torsional flutter harvester in gusty winds. The proposed apparatus exploits the torsional flutter of a rigid flapping foil, able to rotate about a pivot axis located in the proximity of the windward side. The apparatus operates at the “meso-scale”; i.e., the apparatus’ projected area is equal to a few square meters. It has unique properties in comparison with most harvesting devices and small wind turbines. The reference geometric chord length of the flapping foil is about one meter. Energy conversion is achieved by an adaptable linkage connected to a permanent magnet that produces eddy currents in a multi-loop winding coil. Operational conditions and the post-critical flutter regime are investigated by numerical simulations. Several configurations are examined to determine the output power and to study the effects of stationary turbulent flows on the energy-conversion efficiency. This paper is a continuation of recent studies. The goal is to examine the operational conditions of the apparatus for a potentially wide range of applications and moderate mean wind speeds. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

29 pages, 4633 KiB  
Article
Ten-Year Analysis of Mediterranean Coastal Wind Profiles Using Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements
by Claudia Roberta Calidonna, Arijit Dutta, Francesco D’Amico, Luana Malacaria, Salvatore Sinopoli, Giorgia De Benedetto, Daniel Gullì, Ivano Ammoscato, Mariafrancesca De Pino and Teresa Lo Feudo
Wind 2025, 5(2), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5020009 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 601
Abstract
Accurate near-surface wind speed and direction measurements are crucial for validating atmospheric models, especially for the purpose of adequately assessing the interactions between the surface and wind, which in turn results in characteristic vertical profiles. Coastal regions pose unique challenges due to the [...] Read more.
Accurate near-surface wind speed and direction measurements are crucial for validating atmospheric models, especially for the purpose of adequately assessing the interactions between the surface and wind, which in turn results in characteristic vertical profiles. Coastal regions pose unique challenges due to the discontinuity between land and sea and the complex interplay of atmospheric stability, topography, and boundary/layer dynamics. This study focuses on a unique database of wind profiles collected over several years at a World Meteorological Organization—Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) coastal site in the southern Italian region of Calabria (Lamezia Terme, code: LMT). By leveraging remote sensing technologies, including wind lidar combined with in situ measurements, this work comprehensively analyzes wind circulation at low altitudes in the narrowest point of the entire Italian peninsula. Seasonal, daily, and hourly wind profiles at multiple heights are analyzed, highlighting the patterns and variations induced by land–sea interactions. A case study integrating Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite images and in situ observations demonstrates the importance of multi-sensor approaches in capturing wind dynamics and validating model simulations. Data analyses demonstrate the occurrence of extreme events during the winter and spring seasons, linked to synoptic flows; fall seasons have variable patterns, while during the summer, low-speed winds and breeze regimes tend to prevail. The prevailing circulation is of a westerly nature, in accordance with other studies on large-scale flows. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop