2025 March - 40 articles
In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is a vital component of modern radiotherapy, ensuring accurate and safe delivery of radiation doses to patients by measuring dose parameters during treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of IVD, covering its f...
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic management framework introduced by Kaplan and Norton in 1992 to address the limitations of traditional performance measurement systems. It integrates financial and non-financial performance measures across...
Radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions refers to the decomposition of water and its solutions under exposure to ionizing radiation, such as γ-rays, X-rays, accelerated particles, or fast neutrons. This exposure leads to the formation of high...
The deployment of virtual machines (VMs) within the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) layer across public, private, or hybrid cloud infrastructures is prevalent in various organisational settings for hosting essential business services. However, ach...
Citizen developers, individuals outside formal IT departments who create applications using low-code/no-code platforms, are becoming increasingly pivotal as organizations navigate digital transformation. The driving force behind this paradigm shift s...
As a consequence of the European Union introducing the prohibition of supplying antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in diets in 2006, antibiotic alternatives for poultry feed have become one of the most central issues. In general, probiotics and prebi...
This entry describes high school science course taking in the United States (U.S.). High school science course taking refers to the selection, enrollment, and completion of science-related coursework during grades nine through twelve. It encompasses...
The individual, as found primarily in modern Western civilization, is defined as “the independent, autonomous and thus (essentially) nonsocial moral being”, “the rational being” who is “the normative subject of instituti...
Australia’s older population from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds presents unique challenges for aged care and public policy due to their varied migration histories, cultural practices, and language barriers. This essay...
“Mega-events” are characterized as expansive cultural gatherings. They include both sporting and commercial elements, and they collectively exert significant global influence and appeal. “Sporting mega-events”, in particular,...
This review paper examines how Generative AI (GAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) can transform smart cities in the Industry 5.0 era. Through selected case studies and portions of the literature, we analyze these technologies’ impact on industrial...
A health care approach that involves service users in decisions concerning their own health. It considers service users’ beliefs, values, support system, and experiences in co-creating an action plan to address their distinct health care goal [...
In the original publication [...]
To understand the topic of old age in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, we can draw much information from relevant literary texts among other sources because the poets operated with general notions commonly subscribed to by their audiences. Old pe...
This review explores the current state of public key cryptography based on idempotent semirings, with an emphasis on tropical semirings. It examines key hard problems, such as the tropical discrete logarithm problem, semidirect tropical product probl...
This entry examines the critical issue of misinformation within online learning environments following the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on its types, spread, and consequences. It identifies key drivers of misinformation, such as reliance on unverified...
The occurrence of human resource churning results in financial, time and effort losses for organisations, which creates a problem for organisations that lose the most experienced human resources that they have invested in training. The human resource...
Educational technologies refer to the set of digital tools, resources, applications, and methodologies used to facilitate the teaching–learning process. These technologies include software, online platforms, hardware devices (such as tablets, c...
The anthropology of food is a sub-field of cultural anthropology interested in studying food and foodways. This article provides a concise overview of the anthropology of food, tracing its development from the early twentieth century to contemporary...
A conceptual exploration of contrasting psychological phenomena—overconfidence, as exemplified by the Dunning–Kruger Effect (DKE), and self-doubt, represented by impostor syndrome—within organizational contexts. It examines how thes...
Each battery cell consists of three main components: the anode, the cathode, and the separator soaked with liquid electrolyte, the medium in the battery that allows charged ions to move between the two electrodes. Besides a wide electrochemical stabi...
The term “urban planning for the contemporary age” describes the process of creating and overseeing urban areas to meet the many complex issues of the current times, such as social justice, climate change, growing urbanisation, and techno...
The Likert-type scale is a widely used psychometric instrument for measuring attitudes, opinions, or perceptions in research contexts. It presents respondents with a series of statements accompanied by symmetrical response options, typically structur...
This entry explores the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the football industry, highlighting the challenges, adaptations, and long-term implications for clubs across all levels. It examines the industry’s financial fragility, partic...
Poverty is an important social determinant of health disparities across the lifespan. Poverty also influences other life challenges such as pecuniary instability, food insecurity, housing instability, educational inequality, and limited career mobili...
The kidney, a complex organ crucial for a multitude of homeostatic functions, including the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, removal of various metabolic waste products, and hormone production, undergoes intricate developmental processes...
Clinical reasoning is an essential competence of veterinary graduands. Unfortunately, clinical reasoning and, therefore, the quality of provided veterinary medical services are prone to bias, difficulties, and errors. The literature on biases, diffic...
This entry explores the emergence of ONE Paleopathology as a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to understanding health through deep time. The entry discusses key areas where paleopathological research provides crucial insights: animals as sentinel...
Media Education is an educational discipline focused on critical and conscious engagement with media and their languages. Regarded as complex cultural artifacts, it serves as a preparatory phase aimed at developing interpretative and critical skills...
This entry examines the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in special education. The authors discuss applications of AI in the field, including its uses for personalized learning, adaptive technologies, teacher support, and AI’s poten...
This study explores the use of digital simulations in STEM education, addressing the gap in systematic reviews synthesizing recent advancements and their implications for teaching and learning by focusing on their impact on learning outcomes and stud...
The Encyclopedia journal, released in March 2021, will celebrate its fourth anniversary next year [...]
Extended reality (XR) technologies—encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR)—are transforming cognitive assessment and training by offering immersive, interactive environments that simulate real-wor...
This study dives into the essential issue of sustainable water management techniques in East Africa. Recognizing water as a key component of sustainable agricultural development, the study highlights the importance of a complete approach that takes i...
(1) Background: Since the 1990s, theses and dissertations—a key part of scientific communication—have evolved significantly with advances in information and communication technologies. (2) Methods: This study reviews 99 publications exami...
Worldwide use of high global warming potential (GWP) hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants for space conditioning and food storage results in significant equivalent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is further exacerbated in developed countries by...
This entry provides a comprehensive overview of methods used in image matching. It starts by introducing area-based matching, outlining well-established techniques for determining correspondences. Then, it presents the concept of feature-based image...
Museum education involves using a museum’s resources and collections to facilitate learning for diverse audiences. It includes activities like tours, workshops, and interactive exhibits that promote active, inquiry-based learning. Focused on ac...
Wayfinding refers to the process of guiding individuals through built spaces, particularly in environments where navigation may be challenging due to complex layouts. In hospital settings, efficient wayfinding is essential as it directly impacts the...
In the context of digitalizing healthcare systems, digital health sources (DHSs) aim to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and quality of healthcare services by leveraging technology. Multiple types of DHSs are increasingly established in healthc...
