Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Stability of Cocoa Progenies in Marginal Conditions: Results from an on Farm Cocoa Trial Set up in a Forest–Savannah Transition Area in Cameroon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Results from Analyses
3.1.1. Results from ANOVA
3.1.2. Ranking of the Progenies
3.1.3. Ranking of the Plots
3.1.4. Yield Stability
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plot Identifier | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locality | Bakoa | Bakoa | Bakoa | Bakoa | Bakoa | Bakoa | Bakoa | Kedia | Kedia | Kedia | Kedia | Kedia |
Associated Crop | Oil Palm | Fruit | Oil Palm | Fruit | Oil Palm | Fruit | Fruit | Fruit | Oil Palm | Fruit | Fruit | Fruit |
IMC 67 × SNK 109 | 63 | 39 | 66 | 26 | 35 | 48 | 43 | 43 | 37 | |||
IMC 67 × SNK 64 | 54 | 37 | 63 | 58 | 84 | 42 | 43 | 35 | 69 | 44 | 44 | 38 |
SCA 12 × SNK 16 | 54 | 58 | 28 | 36 | 69 | 43 | ||||||
SNK 109 × IMC 67 | 40 | 63 | 43 | 43 | 36 | |||||||
SNK 109 × T 79/501 | 49 | 29 | 42 | 36 | 43 | 35 | ||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 109 | 54 | 50 | 63 | 58 | 84 | 42 | 29 | 43 | ||||
T 79/501 × SNK 13 | 36 | 63 | 58 | 42 | 43 | 24 | ||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 64 | 37 | 69 | 43 | 43 | 16 | |||||||
UPA 143 × SNK 64 | 54 | 34 | 59 | 72 | 42 | 29 | 35 | 30 | 43 | 43 | 35 |
Potential Yield | Actual Yield | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor | Degrees of Freedom | F | p | F | p |
Plot | 11 | 49.58 | <0.0001 | 33.83 | <0.0001 |
Progeny | 8 | 23.29 | <0.0001 | 27.02 | <0.0001 |
Plot × progeny | 48 | 4.96 | <0.0001 | 5.09 | <0.0001 |
Progeny | Total Number of Cocoa Trees Planted | % of Mortality | Potential Yield (g of Cocoa per Tree) | N.K | Actual Yield (g of Cocoa per Tree) | N.K | Mean Weight of One Cocoa Bean (g) | Mean Weight of Cocoa per Pod (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMC 67 × SNK 109 | 400 | 14 | 1336 | a | 1180 | a | 1.4 | 57.8 |
SNK 109 × IMC 67 | 225 | 28 | 1140 | b | 893 | b | 1.2 | 42.6 |
SNK 109 × T 79/501 | 234 | 24 | 1039 | b | 860 | b | 1.3 | 45.9 |
IMC 67 × SNK 64 | 611 | 20 | 1015 | b | 845 | b | 1.3 | 51.3 |
T 79/501 × SNK 109 | 423 | 34 | 887 | c | 668 | c | 1.2 | 42 |
SCA 12 × SNK 16 | 288 | 24 | 833 | c | 651 | c | 1.1 | 40.2 |
T 79/501 × SNK 13 | 266 | 24 | 803 | c | 650 | c | 1.1 | 35.3 |
UPA 143 × SNK 64 | 476 | 19 | 791 | c | 647 | c | 1.3 | 44.3 |
T 79/501 × SNK 64 | 208 | 34 | 639 | d | 463 | d | 1.1 | 38 |
Plot id | Village | Intercropping | Number of Planted Trees | % Mortality | Potential Yield (g of Cocoa/Tree) | N.K | Actual Yield (g of Cocoa/Tree) | N.K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | Bakoa | fruit trees | 241 | 27 | 1704 | a | 1270 | a |
12 | Kedia | fruit trees | 197 | 31 | 1366 | b | 992 | b |
9 | Kedia | oil palm trees | 285 | 19 | 1050 | c | 880 | bc |
11 | Kedia | fruit trees | 326 | 5 | 1031 | c | 1000 | b |
3 | Bakoa | oil palm trees | 315 | 31 | 1013 | c | 755 | cd |
6 | Bakoa | fruit trees | 276 | 9 | 913 | cd | 854 | c |
4 | Bakoa | fruit trees | 320 | 29 | 836 | de | 619 | ef |
10 | Kedia | fruit trees | 216 | 37 | 825 | de | 571 | fg |
5 | Bakoa | oil palm trees | 279 | 44 | 803 | de | 565 | g |
1 | Bakoa | oil palm trees | 216 | 9 | 783 | de | 725 | de |
2 | Bakoa | fruit trees | 246 | 29 | 726 | e | 600 | fg |
8 | Kedia | fruit trees | 214 | 13 | 577 | f | 512 | g |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Mean | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMC 67 × SNK 109 | 1225 | 1039 | 1439 | 1889 | 540 | 1836 | 1098 | 1356 | 1685 | 1336 | |||
−160 | −136 | 154 | −186 | −409 | 415 | −99 | −47 | −53 | |||||
IMC 67 × SNK 64 | 1041 | 555 | 986 | 1138 | 575 | 886 | 1889 | 568 | 1061 | 985 | 1179 | 1325 | 1015 |
207 | −222 | −78 | 251 | −279 | −78 | 134 | −61 | −40 | 109 | 97 | −92 | ||
SCA 12 × SNK 16 | 570 | 647 | 1841 | 458 | 817 | 983 | 833 | ||||||
−82 | −58 | 269 | 12 | −101 | 84 | ||||||||
SNK 109 × IMC 67 | 824 | 995 | 2066 | 1077 | 959 | 1140 | |||||||
−77 | −193 | 186 | −130 | −582 | |||||||||
SNK 109 × T 79/501 | 1127 | 938 | 959 | 862 | 854 | 1538 | 1039 | ||||||
326 | 27 | −28 | 209 | −46 | 98 | ||||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 109 | 843 | 539 | 1346 | 767 | 789 | 491 | 1613 | 1007 | 887 | ||||
137 | −110 | 410 | 8 | 63 | −345 | −14 | 53 | ||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 13 | 488 | 501 | 865 | 578 | 1331 | 1088 | 803 | ||||||
−76 | −350 | 191 | −174 | −211 | 218 | ||||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 64 | 410 | 845 | 184 | 532 | 1758 | 639 | |||||||
158 | 120 | −317 | −174 | 717 | |||||||||
UPA 143 × SNK 64 | 727 | 687 | 669 | 909 | 674 | 1353 | 559 | 469 | 675 | 1019 | 1246 | 791 | |
117 | 134 | 5 | 278 | −66 | −178 | 154 | −408 | 23 | 160 | 53 | |||
Mean | 783 | 726 | 1013 | 836 | 803 | 913 | 1704 | 577 | 1050 | 825 | 1031 | 1366 | 964 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Mean | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMC 67 × SNK 109 | 1136 | 906 | 1418 | 1462 | 528 | 1807 | 779 | 1356 | 989 | 1180 | |||
−18 | −59 | 164 | −207 | −383 | 527 | −191 | −44 | −402 | |||||
IMC 67 X SNK 64 | 890 | 402 | 831 | 930 | 438 | 868 | 1405 | 502 | 1004 | 874 | 1194 | 1183 | 845 |
85 | −277 | −3 | 231 | −206 | −66 | 55 | −89 | 44 | 223 | 115 | 112 | ||
SCA 12 × SNK 16 | 549 | 363 | 1578 | 336 | 623 | 848 | 651 | ||||||
−42 | −123 | 442 | −42 | −124 | −19 | ||||||||
SNK 109 × IMC 67 | 689 | 758 | 1207 | 1072 | 771 | 893 | |||||||
−23 | −109 | −176 | −41 | −334 | |||||||||
SNK 109 × T 79/501 | 973 | 353 | 947 | 862 | 632 | 1200 | 860 | ||||||
309 | −332 | 28 | 285 | −4 | 143 | ||||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 109 | 735 | 406 | 724 | 669 | 403 | 404 | 1257 | 1006 | 668 | ||||
141 | −62 | 100 | 180 | −31 | −319 | 118 | 137 | ||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 13 | 438 | 327 | 770 | 493 | 1106 | 1000 | 650 | ||||||
−32 | −299 | 280 | −232 | −34 | 129 | ||||||||
T 79/501 × SNK 64 | 337 | 548 | 158 | 495 | 1124 | 463 | |||||||
143 | −14 | −96 | −187 | 450 | |||||||||
UPA 143 × SNK 64 | 728 | 628 | 503 | 719 | 674 | 951 | 512 | 471 | 407 | 1028 | 747 | 647 | |
116 | 141 | −4 | 267 | −67 | −206 | 113 | −296 | −51 | 141 | −132 | |||
Mean | 725 | 600 | 755 | 619 | 565 | 854 | 1270 | 512 | 880 | 571 | 1000 | 992 | 781 |
Progeny | % Contribution to Total Ecovalence | |
---|---|---|
Potential Yield | Actual Yield | |
IMC 67 × SNK 109 | 14.7 (1336) | 26.2 (1180) |
SNK 109 × IMC 67 | 13.9 (1140) | 5.9 (893) |
SNK 109 × T 79/501 | 5.2 (1039) | 11.5 (860) |
IMC 67 × SNK 64 | 9.6 (1015) | 10.2 (845) |
T 79/501 × SNK 109 | 10.4 (887) | 7.6 (668) |
SCA 12 × SNK 16 | 3.2 (833) | 8.6 (650) |
T 79/501 × SNK 13 | 9.2 (803) | 9 (650) |
UPA 143 × SNK 64 | 11.7 (791) | 10.9 (647) |
T 79/501 × SNK 64 | 22 (639) | 10 (463) |
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Feumba de Tchoua, L.; Sounigo, O.; Bourgoing, R.; Efombagn, M.I.B.; Abolo, D.; Ambang, Z.; Cilas, C. Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Stability of Cocoa Progenies in Marginal Conditions: Results from an on Farm Cocoa Trial Set up in a Forest–Savannah Transition Area in Cameroon. Crops 2021, 1, 20-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops1010004
Feumba de Tchoua L, Sounigo O, Bourgoing R, Efombagn MIB, Abolo D, Ambang Z, Cilas C. Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Stability of Cocoa Progenies in Marginal Conditions: Results from an on Farm Cocoa Trial Set up in a Forest–Savannah Transition Area in Cameroon. Crops. 2021; 1(1):20-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops1010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeumba de Tchoua, Leblanc, Olivier Sounigo, Raymond Bourgoing, Mousseni Ives Bruno Efombagn, Dieudonné Abolo, Zachée Ambang, and Christian Cilas. 2021. "Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Stability of Cocoa Progenies in Marginal Conditions: Results from an on Farm Cocoa Trial Set up in a Forest–Savannah Transition Area in Cameroon" Crops 1, no. 1: 20-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops1010004