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Article

Electric Field-Enhanced SPR Sensors with AuNPs and CQDs for Rapid and Low-Detection-Limit Detection of Co2+

by
Xinyue Jing
1,
Minxuan Chen
1,
Xingye Ma
1,
Xinrui Xu
1,
Ning Wang
1,2,*,
Kunpeng Niu
2,*,
Xiaohan Chen
1,
Yihao Wang
1,
Jiayi Zhu
1,
Jianguo Hou
1 and
Zhichao Wang
1
1
National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan 430070, China
2
Hubei Optical Fundamental Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Solids 2025, 6(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/solids6030049
Submission received: 29 July 2025 / Revised: 20 August 2025 / Accepted: 28 August 2025 / Published: 1 September 2025
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Abstract

As a vital transition metal species, cobalt ions (Co2+) play a critical role in industrial and medical fields. However, uncontrolled release into ecosystems via industrial effluents presents significant environmental risks. To address this, a prism-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip was developed which enables simultaneous high sensitivity, wide detection range, and rapid detection of Co2+ under ultra-low detection limit conditions. By depositing a 50 nm Au film and AuNPs on a glass substrate, and integrating carboxyl-functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs), the chip achieved the detection range of 10−20 mol/L to 10−4 mol/L, and the response time was reduced from 21 min to 11 min under optimal electric field conditions (1.2 V, 0.15 mol/L electrolyte concentration). The sensor exhibits high selectivity, repeatability, and stability. It can be integrated with optofluidic technology to enable high-throughput microfluidic analysis, thereby facilitating further advancements in related research.
Keywords: Co2+; SPR; AuNPs; carbon quantum dots; applied planar electric field Co2+; SPR; AuNPs; carbon quantum dots; applied planar electric field
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MDPI and ACS Style

Jing, X.; Chen, M.; Ma, X.; Xu, X.; Wang, N.; Niu, K.; Chen, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, J.; Hou, J.; et al. Electric Field-Enhanced SPR Sensors with AuNPs and CQDs for Rapid and Low-Detection-Limit Detection of Co2+. Solids 2025, 6, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/solids6030049

AMA Style

Jing X, Chen M, Ma X, Xu X, Wang N, Niu K, Chen X, Wang Y, Zhu J, Hou J, et al. Electric Field-Enhanced SPR Sensors with AuNPs and CQDs for Rapid and Low-Detection-Limit Detection of Co2+. Solids. 2025; 6(3):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/solids6030049

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing, Xinyue, Minxuan Chen, Xingye Ma, Xinrui Xu, Ning Wang, Kunpeng Niu, Xiaohan Chen, Yihao Wang, Jiayi Zhu, Jianguo Hou, and et al. 2025. "Electric Field-Enhanced SPR Sensors with AuNPs and CQDs for Rapid and Low-Detection-Limit Detection of Co2+" Solids 6, no. 3: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/solids6030049

APA Style

Jing, X., Chen, M., Ma, X., Xu, X., Wang, N., Niu, K., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Hou, J., & Wang, Z. (2025). Electric Field-Enhanced SPR Sensors with AuNPs and CQDs for Rapid and Low-Detection-Limit Detection of Co2+. Solids, 6(3), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/solids6030049

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