Contemporary Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Interventions in Children and Adults
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Literature Search Strategy
3. Literature Review
3.1. Pathophysiology of OSA
3.2. Diagnostic Considerations
3.3. Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes and Evidence in Pediatric OSA
3.4. Treatment of Pediatric OSA
3.4.1. Adenotonsillectomy Effect
3.4.2. Mandibular Advancement Appliances in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
3.4.3. Rapid Maxillary Expansion
3.4.4. Myofunctional Therapy and Orofacial Exercises
3.5. Management of Adult OSA
3.5.1. Maxillomandibular Advancement (MMA) Surgery
3.5.2. Oral Appliance Therapy (Mandibular Advancement Devices)
3.5.3. Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Therapy
3.5.4. Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation (HGNS)
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary of Evidence and Future Directions
4.2. Limitations and Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
OSA | Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
AHI | Apnea–Hypopnea Index |
CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
PAP | Positive Airway Pressure |
MAD | Mandibular Advancement Device |
RME | Rapid Maxillary Expansion |
MA | Maxillomandibular Advancement |
HNS | Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation |
ESS | Epworth Sleepiness Scale |
FOSQ | Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire |
SAQLI | Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index |
BDI | Beck Depression Inventory |
PSQ | Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire |
CHF | Congestive Heart Failure |
CT | Computed Tomography |
LCF | Labial Closure Force |
MM | Modified Monobloc |
MTBA | Modified Twin Block Appliance |
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Habumugisha, J. Contemporary Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Interventions in Children and Adults. Oral 2025, 5, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/oral5030055
Habumugisha J. Contemporary Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Interventions in Children and Adults. Oral. 2025; 5(3):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/oral5030055
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabumugisha, Janvier. 2025. "Contemporary Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Interventions in Children and Adults" Oral 5, no. 3: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/oral5030055
APA StyleHabumugisha, J. (2025). Contemporary Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Interventions in Children and Adults. Oral, 5(3), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/oral5030055