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BioTech
Volume 10
Issue 2
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BioTech, Volume 10, Issue 2 (June 2021) – 3 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Fusarium oxysporum is a serious threat to agricultural production. Due to its considerable variation of morphological and physiological makeup that results from an anamorphic species complex, it tends to elude detection. The compensatory characteristics of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have made them popular diagnostic biomarkers. This study used anti-Fusarium oxysporum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that have been experimentally validated to construct a profile against Fusarium oxysporum using HMMER. The AMPs had high binding energy scores with PR-1-like protein, Fpr1, with BOMK-10 having the strongest tendency to detect the fungus. The fundamental purpose of this diagnostic approach is to make it easier to find a standard reference for early detection of the fungus. AMPs have shown a lot of promise in terms of evading the drawbacks of the present diagnostic system. View this paper
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11 pages, 190 KiB  
Article
The 3Rs Principle in Animal Experimentation: A Legal Review of the State of the Art in Europe and the Case in Italy
by Enrico Maestri
BioTech 2021, 10(2), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech10020009 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5733
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe the essential points of Italian and European legislation governing the use of animals in biomedical experimentation. A close look will be taken at the principles of the 3Rs, which represent the mainstay of the legal [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to describe the essential points of Italian and European legislation governing the use of animals in biomedical experimentation. A close look will be taken at the principles of the 3Rs, which represent the mainstay of the legal architecture based on which a correct interpretation may be drawn of the legislative documents on animal experimentation. Furthermore, this paper will address the ways in which Directive 2010/63/EU is implemented in Italian legislation on the welfare of laboratory animals. In addition to an assessment of legal issues (such as the scope of jurisdiction of supervisory authorities tasked with issuing authorizations), it will include a discussion of cases of inadequate and insufficient implementation of the requirements laid down by Directive 2010/63/EU. Both the consistency of the interpretation of national legislation with the Directive and the direct effectiveness of the Directive in national law, in which animal testing has been and still is the subject of heated debate between supporters and opponents, will be examined. Full article
17 pages, 1693 KiB  
Article
PR-1-Like Protein as a Potential Target for the Identification of Fusarium oxysporum: An In Silico Approach
by Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare, Arun Gokul and Marshall Keyster
BioTech 2021, 10(2), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech10020008 - 14 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3269
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum remains one of the leading causes of economic losses and poor crop yields; its detection is strained due to its presentation in various morphological and physiological forms. This research work sought to identify novel biomarkers for the detection of Fusarium oxysporum [...] Read more.
Fusarium oxysporum remains one of the leading causes of economic losses and poor crop yields; its detection is strained due to its presentation in various morphological and physiological forms. This research work sought to identify novel biomarkers for the detection of Fusarium oxysporum using in silico approaches. Experimentally validated anti-Fusarium oxysporum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were used to construct a profile against Fusarium oxysporum. The performance and physicochemical parameters of these peptides were predicted. The gene for the Fusarium oxysporum receptor protein PR-1-like Protein, Fpr1, was identified and translated. The resulting protein model from the translation was then validated. The anti-Fusarium oxysporum AMPs and Fusarium oxysporum receptor protein 3-D structures were characterized, and their docking interaction analyses were carried out. The HMMER in silico tool identified novel anti-Fusarium oxysporum antimicrobial peptides with good performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. These AMPs also displayed good physicochemical properties and bound with greater affinity to Fusarium oxysporum protein receptor PR-1-like Protein. The tendency of these AMPs to precisely detect Fusarium oxysporum PR-1-like Protein, Fpr1, would justify their use for the identification of the fungus. This study would enhance and facilitate the identification of Fusarium oxysporum to reduce problems associated with poor crop yield, economic losses, and decreased nutritional values of plants to keep up with the growing population. Full article
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13 pages, 1070 KiB  
Article
Harmonization of Biobank Education for Biobank Technicians: Identification of Learning Objectives
by Mara Lena Hartung, Ronny Baber, Esther Herpel, Cornelia Specht, Daniel Peer Brucker, Anne Schoneberg, Theresa Winter and Sara Yasemin Nussbeck
BioTech 2021, 10(2), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech10020007 - 14 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3403
Abstract
The quality of biospecimens stored in a biobank depends tremendously on the technical personnel responsible for processing, storage, and release of biospecimens. Adequate training of these biobank employees would allow harmonization of correct sample handling and thus ensure a high and comparable quality [...] Read more.
The quality of biospecimens stored in a biobank depends tremendously on the technical personnel responsible for processing, storage, and release of biospecimens. Adequate training of these biobank employees would allow harmonization of correct sample handling and thus ensure a high and comparable quality of samples across biobank locations. However, in Germany there are no specific training opportunities for technical biobank staff. To understand the educational needs of the technical personnel a web-based survey was sent to all national biobanks via established e-mail registers. In total, 79 biobank employees completed the survey, including 43 technicians. The majority of the participating technical personnel stated that they had worked in a biobank for less than three years and had never participated in an advanced training. Three-quarters of the technicians indicated that they were not able to understand English content instantly. Based on these results and the results of a workshop with 16 biobank technicians, 41 learning objectives were formulated. These learning objectives can be used as a basis for advanced training programs for technical personnel in biobanks. Setting up courses based on the identified learning objectives for this group of biobank staff could contribute to harmonization and sustainability of biospecimen quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biobanking: New Perspectives from Laboratory to Regulation)
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