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Engineering Proceedings
Volume 133
Issue 1
10.3390/engproc2026133159
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Proceeding Paper

A Study on the Potential of Hydrogen Tankering in the Design and Operation of an Air Transport System with First-Generation Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft †

by
Sam Randeraad
*,
Pieter-Jan Proesmans
and
Alexei Sharpanskykh
Department of Control & Operations, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 15th EASN International Conference, Madrid, Spain, 14–17 October 2025.
Eng. Proc. 2026, 133(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026133159
Published: 7 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in Aviation & Space Towards Sustainability Today & Tomorrow”)
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Abstract

Liquid hydrogen-powered aircraft (LH2 aircraft) offer the potential for a zero-carbon footprint when hydrogen is produced from renewable sources. However, integrating LH2 aircraft into the air transport system is complex due to differences in LH2 supply availability and varying levels of airport readiness. To address these disparities and comply with anticipated sustainability regulations, hydrogen tankering can serve as a temporary strategy by carrying additional hydrogen to avoid refueling at destinations lacking LH2 capabilities. This study presents a novel model that evaluates the potential of tankering while accounting for its interaction with strategic LH2 infrastructure placement, tactical flight scheduling, and operational aircraft routing. Applying the framework to a real-world case in the Baltic Sea region reveals trade-offs between system costs and environmental benefits under different regulatory measures.
Keywords: hydrogen aircraft; network planning; hydrogen refueling hubs; tankering; mathematical optimization hydrogen aircraft; network planning; hydrogen refueling hubs; tankering; mathematical optimization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Randeraad, S.; Proesmans, P.-J.; Sharpanskykh, A. A Study on the Potential of Hydrogen Tankering in the Design and Operation of an Air Transport System with First-Generation Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft. Eng. Proc. 2026, 133, 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026133159

AMA Style

Randeraad S, Proesmans P-J, Sharpanskykh A. A Study on the Potential of Hydrogen Tankering in the Design and Operation of an Air Transport System with First-Generation Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft. Engineering Proceedings. 2026; 133(1):159. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026133159

Chicago/Turabian Style

Randeraad, Sam, Pieter-Jan Proesmans, and Alexei Sharpanskykh. 2026. "A Study on the Potential of Hydrogen Tankering in the Design and Operation of an Air Transport System with First-Generation Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft" Engineering Proceedings 133, no. 1: 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026133159

APA Style

Randeraad, S., Proesmans, P.-J., & Sharpanskykh, A. (2026). A Study on the Potential of Hydrogen Tankering in the Design and Operation of an Air Transport System with First-Generation Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft. Engineering Proceedings, 133(1), 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026133159

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