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Article

Tempol Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Function, Modulates Multiple Genes Expression, and Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Impairment in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Intoxicated Rats

by
Ishrat Jahan
1,†,
Md. Didarul Islam
1,†,
Sumaia Sarif
1,
Israt Jahan Amena
1,
Asif Ul Haque Shuvo
1,
Noushin Akter
1,
Faizul Islam Chowdhury
1,
Raushanara Akter
2,
Iqbal Ahmed
3,
Ferdous Khan
1,
Nusrat Subhan
1 and
Md. Ashraful Alam
1,*
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
2
Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
3
Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Livers 2023, 3(1), 105-120; https://doi.org/10.3390/livers3010010
Submission received: 31 December 2022 / Revised: 29 January 2023 / Accepted: 10 February 2023 / Published: 8 March 2023
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the superoxide dismutase mimic compound “tempol” on liver and renal damage in Long Evans male rats administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Methods: The antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress parameters were investigated in the liver, kidney, and plasma tissues. Histological examination of the liver and kidney sections affirmed inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and iron deposition. RT-PCR was also employed to evaluate the expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory genes. Results: The CCl4-administered rats exhibited increased plasma activities of ALT, AST, and ALP compared to the control rats. The tempol treatment in the CCl4-administered rats significantly lowered ALT, AST, and ALP enzyme activities compared to the CCl4 group. Oxidative stress parameters, such as the MDA, NO, and APOP levels in various tissues of the CCl4-administered rats, showed increased concentrations, whereas tempol significantly lowered the level of oxidative stress. Moreover, CCl4 administration decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities, which were further significantly restored by the tempol treatment. The control rats that underwent treatment with tempol did not present with any abnormality or toxicity. Furthermore, the tempol treatment in the CCl4-administered rats increased Nrf-2-HO-1-mediated gene expression and enhanced related antioxidant enzyme gene expressions. The tempol treatment in the CCl4-administered rats also decreased anti-inflammatory gene expressions in the liver. In histological sections of the liver, CCl4 increased inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and iron deposition, which were reduced significantly due to the tempol treatment. Conclusion: The results of this investigation revealed that tempol could protect against liver and kidney damage in CCl4-administered rats by modulating antioxidant gene expressions and restoring antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Keywords: tempol; carbon tetrachloride; oxidative stress; superoxide dismutase; malondialdehyde tempol; carbon tetrachloride; oxidative stress; superoxide dismutase; malondialdehyde

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jahan, I.; Islam, M.D.; Sarif, S.; Amena, I.J.; Shuvo, A.U.H.; Akter, N.; Chowdhury, F.I.; Akter, R.; Ahmed, I.; Khan, F.; et al. Tempol Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Function, Modulates Multiple Genes Expression, and Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Impairment in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Intoxicated Rats. Livers 2023, 3, 105-120. https://doi.org/10.3390/livers3010010

AMA Style

Jahan I, Islam MD, Sarif S, Amena IJ, Shuvo AUH, Akter N, Chowdhury FI, Akter R, Ahmed I, Khan F, et al. Tempol Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Function, Modulates Multiple Genes Expression, and Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Impairment in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Intoxicated Rats. Livers. 2023; 3(1):105-120. https://doi.org/10.3390/livers3010010

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jahan, Ishrat, Md. Didarul Islam, Sumaia Sarif, Israt Jahan Amena, Asif Ul Haque Shuvo, Noushin Akter, Faizul Islam Chowdhury, Raushanara Akter, Iqbal Ahmed, Ferdous Khan, and et al. 2023. "Tempol Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Function, Modulates Multiple Genes Expression, and Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Impairment in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Intoxicated Rats" Livers 3, no. 1: 105-120. https://doi.org/10.3390/livers3010010

APA Style

Jahan, I., Islam, M. D., Sarif, S., Amena, I. J., Shuvo, A. U. H., Akter, N., Chowdhury, F. I., Akter, R., Ahmed, I., Khan, F., Subhan, N., & Alam, M. A. (2023). Tempol Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Function, Modulates Multiple Genes Expression, and Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Impairment in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Intoxicated Rats. Livers, 3(1), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.3390/livers3010010

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