Effects of Nine-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Sex Differences in Obese Individuals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Lifestyle Intervention Program
2.3.1. HIIT and Resistance Training Program
2.3.2. Mediterranean Diet Counseling Intervention (MedD)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Women n = 99 | Men n = 35 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ANOVA | |||||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | Time | Group | Interaction | |
Age (years) | 49.38 ± 7.53 | 63.17 ± 4.68 | |||||||
Metabolic Syndrome (%) * | 42.4% | 42.9% | |||||||
Anthropometric characteristics | |||||||||
Height (cm) | 161.5 ± 6.17 | 174.6 ± 6.2 | |||||||
Weight (kg) | 91.80 ± 14.25 | 87.07 ± 14.10 | <0.001 | 110.04 ± 18.37 | 104.03 ± 17.35 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.138 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 35.28 ± 5.19 | 33.19 ± 4.98 | <0.001 | 35.95 ± 5.01 | 33.89 ± 4.71 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.559 | 0.476 |
Waist size (cm) | 107.71 ± 11.70 | 102.03 ± 11.75 | <0.001 | 120.03 ± 12.31 | 108.54 ± 21.07 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007 |
Fat Mass (%) | 45.16 ± 4.92 | 42.64 ± 5.25 | <0.001 | 33.49 ± 4.39 | 31.08 ± 5.37 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.564 |
Fat Mass (kg) | 41.92 ± 10.82 | 37.06 ± 9.77 | <0.001 | 37.40 ± 10.20 | 32.40 ± 9.87 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.015 | 0.242 |
Fat Free Mass (kg) | 49.75 ± 5.39 | 48.63 ± 5.18 | <0.001 | 72.77 ± 10.04 | 70.33 ± 9.98 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 |
Fat Mass Trunk (%) | 42.82 ± 5.20 | 40.21 ± 5.59 | <0.001 | 36.09 ± 3.74 | 33.69 ± 5.72 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.691 |
Fat Mass Trunk (kg) | 21.05 ± 5.38 | 18.60 ± 4.84 | <0.001 | 22.04 ± 4.87 | 19.57 ± 5.78 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.464 | 0.314 |
Blood pressure | |||||||||
SAP (mmHg) | 130.46 ± 12.63 | 125.21 ± 11.79 | <0.001 | 139.37 ± 12.60 | 131.82 ± 12.62 | 0.019 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.703 |
DAP (mmHg) | 81.55 ± 7.68 | 77.60 ± 5.99 | <0.001 | 83.14 ± 7.48 | 80.45 ± 5.73 | 0.058 | <0.001 | 0.026 | 0.355 |
MAP (mmHg) * | 97.85 ± 7.97 | 93.47 ± 6.96 | <0.001 | 101.89 ± 7.86 | 97.58 ± 6.61 | 0.014 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.689 |
Lipid and glucose profile | |||||||||
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.04 ± 0.97 | 4.87 ± 0.98 | 0.060 | 4.98 ± 1.30 | 4.71 ± 1.07 | 0.109 | 0.027 | 0.669 | 0.825 |
HDL chol. (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.32 | 1.36 ± 0.30 | 0.414 | 1.18 ± 0.27 | 1.28 ± 0.33 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.045 | 0.029 |
LDL chol. (mmol/L) | 3.07 ± 0.80 | 2.92 ± 0.87 | 0.061 | 3.11 ± 1.21 | 2.86 ± 1.01 | 0.085 | 0.021 | 0.926 | 0.733 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.40 ± 0.65 | 1.28 ± 0.60 | 0.046 | 1.52 ± 0.55 | 1.29 ± 0.70 | 0.030 | 0.004 | 0.464 | 0.412 |
TG/HDL | 1.16 ± 0.76 | 1.03 ± 0.64 | 0.011 | 1.38 ± 0.64 | 1.15 ± 0.91 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.179 | 0.538 |
Glycemia (mmol/L) | 5.42 ± 0.92 | 5.18 ± 0.65 | 0.002 | 5.63 ± 1.04 | 5.38 ± 0.52 | 0.233 | 0.008 | 0.094 | 0.651 |
Cardiorespiratory fitness | |||||||||
METs | 8.06 ± 1.37 | 9.15 ± 1.43 | <0.001 | 9.19 ± 1.80 | 10.72 ± 2.09 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.016 |
O2 peak (mL/min/kg FFM) | 51.08 ± 7.35 | 56.46 ± 6.91 | <0.001 | 48.35 ± 8.55 | 54.44 ± 7.93 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.067 | 0.987 |
Proportion of Responders (%) Regarding Defined Cutoff | Women | Men | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
METs improvement > 5% | 73.8% | 81.8% | 0.414 |
Body mass loss > 5% | 46.7% | 48.5% | 0.902 |
Waist size reduction > 5cm | 45.5% | 68.6% | 0.067 |
SBP reduction > 5mm Hg | 57.3% | 54.3% | 0.821 |
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Besnier, F.; Nigam, A.; Juneau, M.; Guilbeault, V.; Latour, E.; Gayda, M. Effects of Nine-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Sex Differences in Obese Individuals. Obesities 2021, 1, 29-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/Obesities1010003
Besnier F, Nigam A, Juneau M, Guilbeault V, Latour E, Gayda M. Effects of Nine-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Sex Differences in Obese Individuals. Obesities. 2021; 1(1):29-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/Obesities1010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleBesnier, Florent, Anil Nigam, Martin Juneau, Valérie Guilbeault, Elise Latour, and Mathieu Gayda. 2021. "Effects of Nine-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Sex Differences in Obese Individuals" Obesities 1, no. 1: 29-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/Obesities1010003