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Volume 7
Issue 2
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World, Volume 7, Issue 2 (February 2026) – 2 articles

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30 pages, 1851 KB  
Review
The Wicked Problem of Space Debris: From a Static Economic Lens to a System Dynamics View
by Michał Pietrzak
World 2026, 7(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/world7020018 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026
Abstract
The global space economy, valued at approximately USD 400–630 billion (depending on definitional scope), is projected to expand rapidly, crossing USD 1 trillion as early as 2032 and reaching up to about USD 1.8 trillion by 2035. This growth has been driven by [...] Read more.
The global space economy, valued at approximately USD 400–630 billion (depending on definitional scope), is projected to expand rapidly, crossing USD 1 trillion as early as 2032 and reaching up to about USD 1.8 trillion by 2035. This growth has been driven by a surge (a roughly twelvefold increase) in satellite launches over the past decade, transforming Earth’s orbits into an increasingly congested domain plagued by space debris. The proliferation of space junk poses an escalating threat to orbital sustainability, yet effective governance mechanisms remain limited. This paper examines why conventional solutions for managing common-pool resources (command-and-control regulation, Pigouvian taxes, private property rights, allocation of tradable permits, and horizontal governance regimes) are not fully effective or are difficult to implement in addressing the orbital debris problem. Using a system dynamics perspective, the study qualitatively maps hypothesized feedback mechanisms shaping orbital expansion and space debris accumulation. It suggests that, under the assumed causal structure, reinforcing growth loops associated with geopolitical rivalry and commercial cost reductions linked to the New Space paradigm currently dominate over delayed balancing effects arising from the finite nature of orbital space, whose regenerative capacity is progressively degraded. There exists a threshold of exploitation beyond which orbital space effectively behaves as a non-renewable resource. The analysis suggests that, without binding international coordination, meaningful intervention may require the occurrence of a catalyzing crisis—e.g., a localized cascade of orbital object collisions that could transform stakeholder perceptions and enables active debris removal deployment. Full article
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21 pages, 4108 KB  
Review
Mapping Inclusive Development: A Global Bibliometric Performance Analysis
by Dwayne Shorlon Renville, Netra Chhetri, Linda Francois, Bunnel Bernard and Neha Chhetri
World 2026, 7(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/world7020017 (registering DOI) - 23 Jan 2026
Abstract
The growing prominence of inclusive development reflects persistent dissatisfaction with traditional growth-centric paradigms that failed to integrate social equity and environmental sustainability. However, the literature discourse of inclusive development lacks systematic analyses of its theoretical and conceptual structures. This paper presents a bibliometric [...] Read more.
The growing prominence of inclusive development reflects persistent dissatisfaction with traditional growth-centric paradigms that failed to integrate social equity and environmental sustainability. However, the literature discourse of inclusive development lacks systematic analyses of its theoretical and conceptual structures. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of inclusive development, mapping its intellectual structure, research dynamics, and scholarly contributions. Using bibliographic data from the Scopus and analytical tools including R version 4.5.1 and VOSviewer version 1.6.19, we assess the publication trends and citation patterns. The term first appeared in 1995, emerged slowly, and saw an exponential increase in publications around 2015, coinciding with the Sustainable Development Goals. There are 1871 publications (302 were published in 2024), with over 4500 scholars across 143 countries, publishing in over 1000 sources. The results feature prolific and influential authors, sources, countries, larger geographic regions, and publications. We find disparities among countries, anomalies between influential and prolific contributors, and hints of distinct author groupings. Findings suggest scholars and practitioners risk forming skewed conceptualizations of inclusive development without a clear understanding of the field’s structure. This paper provides such structure, highlighting the value of periodic assessments in consolidating theoretical coherence, strengthening cross-constituency scholarship, and advancing inclusive development’s role in sustainability science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inclusive and Regenerative Development)
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