Psych

12 pages, 661 KiB

Open AccessReview

Deep Brain Stimulation for Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder—Discontinuation of Ongoing Stimulation

by Hannah M. Kilian, Bettina H. Bewernick, Margaretha Klein, Dora M. Meyer, Susanne Spanier, Peter C. Reinacher, Volker A. Coenen and Thomas E. Schlaepfer

Psych 2020, 2(3), 174-185; https://doi.org/10.3390/psych2030015 - 13 Aug 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2729

Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently under research for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Since the application of DBS in psychiatry has been in use for about 20 years, it is necessary to evaluate its [...] Read more.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently under research for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Since the application of DBS in psychiatry has been in use for about 20 years, it is necessary to evaluate its long-term use now. A main issue in the long-term treatment of DBS concerns the effects of a discontinuation of stimulation due to intended as well as unintended reasons. In this contribution, the literature describing discontinuation effects following DBS in OCD and TRD is reviewed. Furthermore, a patient is reported in depth who experienced an unintended discontinuation of supero-lateral medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) DBS for TRD. In this case, the battery was fully depleted without the patient noticing. DBS had led to a sustained response for seven years before discontinuation of stimulation for just several weeks caused a progressive worsening of depression. Altogether, the rapid occurrence of symptom worsening, the absence of a notification about the stimulation status and the difficulties to recapture antidepressant response represent important safety aspects. For a further understanding of the described effects, time courses until worsening of depression as well as biological mechanisms need to be investigated in double-blind controlled trials. Full article

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19 pages, 386 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robust Haebara Linking for Many Groups: Performance in the Case of Uniform DIF

by Alexander Robitzsch

Psych 2020, 2(3), 155-173; https://doi.org/10.3390/psych2030014 - 28 Jul 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2370

Abstract

The comparison of group means in item response models constitutes an important issue in empirical research. The present article discusses a slight extension of the robust Haebara linking approach of He and Cui by proposing a flexible class of robust Haebara linking functions [...] Read more.

The comparison of group means in item response models constitutes an important issue in empirical research. The present article discusses a slight extension of the robust Haebara linking approach of He and Cui by proposing a flexible class of robust Haebara linking functions for comparisons of many groups. These robust linking functions are robust against violations of invariance. In this article, we investigate the performance of robust Haebara linking in the presence of uniform DIF effects. In an analytical derivation, it is shown that the robust Haebara linking approach provides unbiased estimates of group means in the limiting case

p = 0

. In a simulation study, it is demonstrated that the proposed variant of the Haebara linking approach outperforms existing implementations of Haebara linking to some extent. In an empirical application using PISA data, it is illustrated that country means can be sensitive to the choice of linking functions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychometrics and Educational Measurement)

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2 pages, 128 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Psych: An International, Open Access, Peer Reviewed Journal on Fields Ranging from Experimental Psychology to Clinical Psychiatry

by Thomas E. Schläpfer

Psych 2020, 2(3), 153-154; https://doi.org/10.3390/psych2030013 - 03 Jul 2020

Viewed by 1800

Abstract

It is with great honour and pleasure that I introduce, on behalf of the four Section Editors-in-Chief, the 53 members of the editorial board and the publisher MDPI, this journal [...] Full article

25 pages, 751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correction and Validation of Time-Critical Behavioral Measurements over the Internet in the Stage Twin Cohort with More Than 7000 Participants

by Guy Madison

Psych 2020, 2(3), 128-152; https://doi.org/10.3390/psych2030012 - 01 Jul 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2004

Abstract

Behavioral data are increasingly collected over the Internet. This is particularly useful when participants’ own computers can be used as they are, without any modification that relies on their technical skills. However, the temporal accuracy in these settings is generally poor, unknown, and [...] Read more.

Behavioral data are increasingly collected over the Internet. This is particularly useful when participants’ own computers can be used as they are, without any modification that relies on their technical skills. However, the temporal accuracy in these settings is generally poor, unknown, and varies substantially across different hard- and software components. This makes it dubious to administer time-critical behavioral tests such as implicit association, reaction time, or various forms of temporal judgment/perception and production. Here, we describe the online collection and subsequent data quality control and adjustment of reaction time and time interval production data from 7127 twins sourced from the Swedish Twin Registry. The purposes are to (1) validate the data that are already and will continue to be reported in forthcoming publications (due to their utility, such as the large sample size and the twin design) and to (2) provide examples of how one might engage in post-hoc analyses of such data, and (3) explore how one might control for systematic influences from specific components in the functional chain. These possible influences include the type and version of the operating system, browser, and multimedia plug-in type Full article

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Psych, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2020) – 4 articles

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