Languages and Context Issues of ICTs for a New Role of Museums in the COVID-19 Era
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effects of COVID Pandemic on Museum Institutions
3. Museums’ Response
- Digital exhibitions;
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- Online tours
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- Blogs, stories posted on Instagram and Facebook
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- Tours via live stream
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- Art education apps
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- YouTube channels with artist talks, lectures, fun videos, etc.
- Downloadable objects/materials for creative use;
- Documenting the COVID pandemic for future generations;
- Collection/donation of sanitation materials to hospitals.
4. ICTs for Museums: Language-Related Issues
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- many museums limit themselves to simply transferring online their collections and/or disseminating their ordinary on-site activities, leaving little space for interaction and generally paying little importance to establishing a direct relation with the public. For a more and more skilled, informed and exigent audience, seeking for captivating and engaging experiences, such kind of online experience does not represent an attractive option;
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- despite the wealth of cultural resources that are currently accessible online and the marked variety of approaches in the design of cultural experiences, online visits are generally conceived as private experiences, focused on individual users. However, studies from the museum fields have been underlining the importance of the social context, suggesting that social interactions are key elements in the design of engaging visits [15,16];
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- despite the gradual integration in cultural offers of more information contents, new fruition and engagement modalities and greater autonomy in determining the characters and values of the visit experience (especially for “enlarged” publics), many museums show little openness towards new digital technologies and the changes triggered by them, a marked delay in the development of effective strategies for online communication and in welcoming the full potential of technologies to support innovative cultural offers, visitors loyalty building, and intercepting new users’ segments [17];
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- the sudden isolation and the objective impossibility to choose the on-site, physical relation with cultural resources has been transforming what was once a “desired” possibility into a forced option, perceived as a limitation in choice faculty. As Galani and Kidd observe [18], the pandemic has been imposing a de-prioritization of touch and physicality, since individuals have been compelled to isolate or distance from each other and institutions have shifted towards digital formats.
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- 3 of 4 museums reported as main obstacle the restraints in the budget and limited time resource of staff, beside Intellectual Property Rights problems (30%) and limitations in the equipment (30%);
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- overall, 43.6% of collections is digitized, but there exist some discrepancies according to the museum category. Although art and design museums have already 65% of their collection in digital format, for natural history museums the percentage drops to 15% due to the dimension and type of objects (complex 3D objects, such as those typically to be found in the second category of sites generally require adequate technologies and resources);
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- more than 88% of interviewed museums reported visibility as main goal for digitization, followed by access increase (76%) and educational purpose (76%); interaction is absent among motivations mentioned;
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- the awareness or knowledge about the existence of organizations that can support this task, as well as a map of involved players, are missing, and this hinders the triggering of a virtuous knowledge exchange.
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- greater interaction of offers with respect to contents
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- greater interactivity across users
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- new focuses (from object-centered to people-centered offers)
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- need to recover the material and physical dimension in the relation with cultural objects and contents
5. Challenges to Museums: ICT Languages and Beyond
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- stress through a sense of uncertainty;
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- multi-systemic nature of impacts (destruction of connections in the family, community, state and economy spheres simultaneously) and the resulting sense of loneliness;
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- annihilation of supportive interactions able to act as stabilizing factor for addressing the first two issues.
6. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lerario, A. Languages and Context Issues of ICTs for a New Role of Museums in the COVID-19 Era. Heritage 2021, 4, 3065-3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040171
Lerario A. Languages and Context Issues of ICTs for a New Role of Museums in the COVID-19 Era. Heritage. 2021; 4(4):3065-3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040171
Chicago/Turabian StyleLerario, Antonella. 2021. "Languages and Context Issues of ICTs for a New Role of Museums in the COVID-19 Era" Heritage 4, no. 4: 3065-3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040171