Hybrid PV System with High Speed Flywheel Energy Storage for Remote Residential Loads
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modelling of FESS and Its Control Structure
2.1. Modelling of FESS
2.2. Modelling of Control Structure
3. Modelling and Operation of Photovoltaic Hybrid Mini-Grid System (PVHMS)
3.1. Operation of the FESS
3.2. Modelling of Load Profiles
4. Methodology
5. Results and Analysis
5.1. Islanded Operation without Flywheel Energy Storage
5.1.1. Load Profile 1
5.1.2. Load Profile 2
5.1.3. Load Profile 3
5.2. Islanded Operation with Flywheel Energy Storage
5.2.1. Load Profile 1
5.2.2. Load Profile 2
5.2.3. Load Profile 3
6. Diesel Generator Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emission Analysis
6.1. Diesel Fuel Consumption Analysis
6.2. Diesel CO2 Emission Analysis
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Stator Resistance | 11.85 mΩ |
Rotor Resistance | 9.29 mΩ |
Stator leakage inductance | 0.2027 mH |
Rotor leakage inductance | 0.2027 mH |
Mutual Inductance | 9.295 mH |
Rated magnetic flux | 0.75 Weber |
Power rating | 100 kW |
Maximum speed | 20 krpm |
Minimum speed | 10 krpm |
Switching frequency | 20 kHz |
DC bus voltage | 600 V |
Flywheel rotor outer diameter | 0.4 m |
Shaft diameter | 0.025 m |
Source Type | Specification | Value/Description | |
---|---|---|---|
Synchronous Diesel Generator | Nominal Power | 100 (kW) | |
Nominal Frequency | 50 (Hz) | ||
Power Factor | 0.8 | ||
% Load | liter/h | ||
Fuel Consumption | 100 | 26.7 | |
75 | 20.2 | ||
50 | 14.1 | ||
Model | 1104C-44TAG2 | ||
Engine Speed | 1800 (rpm) | ||
Engine Make | PERKINS | ||
Solar Photovoltaic System | Model | SunPower SPR-305E-WHT-D | |
Maximum power | 305.226 (W) | ||
Temperature | 40 (°C) | ||
Maximum irradiance | 1200 (W/m2) | ||
Maximum power point current | 5.58 (A) | ||
Maximum power point voltage | 54.7 (V) | ||
Parallel strings | 50 | ||
Series connected strings | 5 |
Operation Scenario | Operation Ratio at % Load | Total Fuel Consumption (Liters) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50% | 75% | 100% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
Load Profile 1 | 47% | 7.5% | 15% | 1.9 | 0.505 | 1.26 |
Load Profile 2 | 93.5% | 6.5% | 0% | 3.6 | 0.24 | 0 |
Load Profile 3 | 56% | 15% | 18% | 2.16 | 0.841 | 1.33 |
Operation Scenario | Operation Ratio at % Load | Total Fuel Consumption (Liters) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50% | 75% | 100% | 50% | 75% | 100% | |
Load Profile 1 | %0 | %0 | 17.5% | 0 | 0 | 1.4 |
Load Profile 2 | %0 | %0 | 23.7% | 0 | 0 | 1.27 |
Load Profile 3 | %0 | %0 | 31% | 0 | 0 | 2.26 |
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Soomro, A.; Pullen, K.R.; Amiryar, M.E. Hybrid PV System with High Speed Flywheel Energy Storage for Remote Residential Loads. Clean Technol. 2021, 3, 351-376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020020
Soomro A, Pullen KR, Amiryar ME. Hybrid PV System with High Speed Flywheel Energy Storage for Remote Residential Loads. Clean Technologies. 2021; 3(2):351-376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020020
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoomro, Abid, Keith R. Pullen, and Mustafa E. Amiryar. 2021. "Hybrid PV System with High Speed Flywheel Energy Storage for Remote Residential Loads" Clean Technologies 3, no. 2: 351-376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020020