Drone Monitoring of Breeding Waterbird Populations: The Case of the Glossy Ibis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Species and Study Area
2.2. Drone Survey Method
2.3. Visual Identification of Breeding Birds
2.4. Automatic Identification of Breeding Birds
2.4.1. Supervised Classification
2.4.2. Image Processing
2.5. Validation
3. Results
3.1. Manual Counting
3.2. Automatic Counting
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Statements
References
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Area | Nest Density (Nests m−2) | Nest Distance (m) | Nest Distance (Range, m) | Number of Nests |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total colony | 0.22 | 0.88 ± 0.48 | 0.26–7.84 | 7134 |
Typha spp. | 0.41 ± 0.22 | 0.82 ± 0.36 | 0.32–3.85 | 94–228 |
Lemna spp. | 0.43 ± 0.05 | 0.79 ± 0.42 | 0.33–3.35 | 128–161 |
Area | Accuracy (%) | Commission Error (%) | Omission Error (%) | Number of Nests |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total colony | 46.37 | 66.61 | 53.63 | 7134 |
Typha spp. | 50.37 ± 2.19 | 55.06 ± 27.79 | 49.63 ± 2.19 | 94–228 |
Lemna spp. | 49.01 ± 19.22 | 22.64 ± 7.45 | 50.99 ± 19.22 | 128–161 |
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Afán, I.; Máñez, M.; Díaz-Delgado, R. Drone Monitoring of Breeding Waterbird Populations: The Case of the Glossy Ibis. Drones 2018, 2, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones2040042
Afán I, Máñez M, Díaz-Delgado R. Drone Monitoring of Breeding Waterbird Populations: The Case of the Glossy Ibis. Drones. 2018; 2(4):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones2040042
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfán, Isabel, Manuel Máñez, and Ricardo Díaz-Delgado. 2018. "Drone Monitoring of Breeding Waterbird Populations: The Case of the Glossy Ibis" Drones 2, no. 4: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones2040042