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Abstract

The Concentration of Iodine and Selenium in Fish Depends on the Type of Thermal Process †

by
Aneta Kopeć
1,*,
Joanna Skoczylas
1,
Ewa Piątkowska
1,
Teresa Leszczyńska
1,
Sylwester Smoleń
2,
Joanna Pitala
2 and
Ivo Doskocil
3
1
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
2
Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
3
Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091410
Published: 14 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Background and Objectives: Iodine and selenium are trace elements essential for health. In many countries, a deficiency of both minerals is common. Sea fish can be a good source of these minerals and their consumption should be increased. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of various thermal treatments of sprats and sardines on the concentration of total iodine, its iodide form (I-) and selenium. Material and Methods: Sprats and sardines were purchased from markets selling sea food. Sprats were caught in the Baltic Sea and sardines in the Mediterranean Sea. After removing inedible parts and washing, fish were thermally treated using the following processes: cooking, steaming, baking or frying. In freeze-dried samples, the concentrations of selenium and iodine were measured using the ICP-MS/MS method. For an analysis of iodide the form HPLC-ICP-MS/MS method was used. Data were statistically evaluated using two-way factorial analysis of variance (MNOVA), and Scheffe’s test at significance level p < 0.05. Results: Iodine concentration was not affected by the type of fish. The lower loses of iodine were measured in samples of baked fish. The iodide form of iodine concentration was statistically different between sardines and sprats. In both cases, the best thermal processes to protect from iodide (I-) losses were cooking, steaming and baking. The highest concentration of selenium was measured in raw sardines and thermally treated ones, as compared to the raw and thermally treated sprats. Cooking, baking and steaming were the best processes for the protection of the concentration of selenium in both types of fish. Discussion: Sardines and sprats can be source of iodine in the diet, and especially a portion of 200 g of baked sardines or sprats can provide, respectively, 55 µg or 32 µg of iodine (39% or 20% of the recommended daily allowances [RDA] for adults); 100 g of baked or steamed sardines covers about 78% (48 µg/100 g f.m.) of the RDA for selenium. Steamed or baked sprats can cover the daily requirements to 54%. It can be suggested that the frequent consumption sprats and sardines can improve the intake of iodine and selenium.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization methodology, A.K., E.P. and S.S.; formal analysis, S.S., J.P., A.K. and J.S.; investigation, S.S., J.P. and A.K.; data curation, A.K., S.S., I.D. and T.L.; writing—original draft preparation, A.K. and E.P.; writing—review and editing, A.K., E,P., T.L. and I.D.; funding acquisition, A.K. and I.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, UMO-2020/39/I/NZ9/02959. The research was funded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, grant no. GA 21-42021L.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.15576/REPOURK/2024.1.01.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kopeć, A.; Skoczylas, J.; Piątkowska, E.; Leszczyńska, T.; Smoleń, S.; Pitala, J.; Doskocil, I. The Concentration of Iodine and Selenium in Fish Depends on the Type of Thermal Process. Proceedings 2023, 91, 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091410

AMA Style

Kopeć A, Skoczylas J, Piątkowska E, Leszczyńska T, Smoleń S, Pitala J, Doskocil I. The Concentration of Iodine and Selenium in Fish Depends on the Type of Thermal Process. Proceedings. 2023; 91(1):410. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091410

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kopeć, Aneta, Joanna Skoczylas, Ewa Piątkowska, Teresa Leszczyńska, Sylwester Smoleń, Joanna Pitala, and Ivo Doskocil. 2023. "The Concentration of Iodine and Selenium in Fish Depends on the Type of Thermal Process" Proceedings 91, no. 1: 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091410

APA Style

Kopeć, A., Skoczylas, J., Piątkowska, E., Leszczyńska, T., Smoleń, S., Pitala, J., & Doskocil, I. (2023). The Concentration of Iodine and Selenium in Fish Depends on the Type of Thermal Process. Proceedings, 91(1), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091410

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