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Article

Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model

by
Ida Cariati
1,*,†,
Roberto Bonanni
1,†,
Gabriele Pallone
2,
Manuel Scimeca
3,
Claudio Frank
4,
Virginia Tancredi
2,5 and
Giovanna D’Arcangelo
2,5
1
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
2
Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
4
UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
5
Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2021, 6(4), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040101
Submission received: 28 October 2021 / Revised: 24 November 2021 / Accepted: 6 December 2021 / Published: 8 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Evaluation and Prescription—2nd Edition)
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Abstract

Aerobic training is known to influence cognitive processes, such as memory and learning, both in animal models and in humans. Particularly, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that aerobic exercise can increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, improve hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), and reduce age-related decline in mnemonic function. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Based on this evidence, the aim of our study was to verify whether the application of two aerobic training protocols, different in terms of speed and speed variation, could modulate synaptic plasticity in a young murine model. Therefore, we assessed the presence of any functional changes by extracellular recordings in vitro in mouse hippocampal slices and structural alterations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results showed that an aerobic training protocol, well designed in terms of speed and speed variation, significantly contributes to improving synaptic plasticity and hippocampal ultrastructure, optimizing its benefits in the brain. Future studies will aim to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity induced by aerobic training.
Keywords: aerobic exercise; synaptic plasticity; hippocampus; training protocols; cognitive decline aerobic exercise; synaptic plasticity; hippocampus; training protocols; cognitive decline

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cariati, I.; Bonanni, R.; Pallone, G.; Scimeca, M.; Frank, C.; Tancredi, V.; D’Arcangelo, G. Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2021, 6, 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040101

AMA Style

Cariati I, Bonanni R, Pallone G, Scimeca M, Frank C, Tancredi V, D’Arcangelo G. Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6(4):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040101

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cariati, Ida, Roberto Bonanni, Gabriele Pallone, Manuel Scimeca, Claudio Frank, Virginia Tancredi, and Giovanna D’Arcangelo. 2021. "Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 4: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040101

APA Style

Cariati, I., Bonanni, R., Pallone, G., Scimeca, M., Frank, C., Tancredi, V., & D’Arcangelo, G. (2021). Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(4), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040101

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