Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia-Like Conditions Independently Induce Inflammatory Responses in Human Chondrocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chondrocyte Isolation and Treatments
2.2. Nitric Oxide Production
2.3. Western Blot Analysis
2.4. Total RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. High-Glucose Induces NF-κB p65 Translocation to the Nucleus
3.2. Induction of IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS Expression and NO Production by High Glucose
3.3. High Insulin Induced NF-κB p65 Translocation to the Nucleus
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rufino, A.T.; Ribeiro, M.; Pinto Ferreira, J.; Judas, F.; Mendes, A.F. Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia-Like Conditions Independently Induce Inflammatory Responses in Human Chondrocytes. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2017, 2, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk2020015
Rufino AT, Ribeiro M, Pinto Ferreira J, Judas F, Mendes AF. Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia-Like Conditions Independently Induce Inflammatory Responses in Human Chondrocytes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2017; 2(2):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk2020015
Chicago/Turabian StyleRufino, Ana Teresa, Madalena Ribeiro, João Pinto Ferreira, Fernando Judas, and Alexandrina Ferreira Mendes. 2017. "Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia-Like Conditions Independently Induce Inflammatory Responses in Human Chondrocytes" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2, no. 2: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk2020015