Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Museum Vouchers: Collection Strategy, Laboratory Procedures, and Data Analyses of Voucher Samples
2.2. Current Trout Population: Sampling Strategy, Tissue Collection, Laboratory and Data Analyses
CR mtDNA Variable Positions | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID | Source | Year | Haplotype | 15,757 | 15,777 | 15,790 | 15,810 | 15,842 | 15,860 | 15,864 | 15,926 | 15,927 | 16,011 | 16,053 | 16,054 | 16,067 |
AF273086 | ATcs-1 | C | - | C | G | T | A | C | G | C | G | C | T | T | ||
AY836330 | ADcs-1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | C | . | . | T | C | C | ||
AY836350 | MEcs-1 | . | . | . | A | . | C | . | . | . | . | T | C | C | ||
JQ582461 | MA2c | . | A | . | . | C | . | . | A | T | . | T | C | C | ||
SZ01 | Torbole | 1821 | ADcs-1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | C | . | . | T | C | C |
SZ02 | Torbole | 1884 | Adriatic ± | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | / | / | / | T | C | C |
SZ03 | Torbole | 1884 | AD_SZ3 * | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | C | . | A | T | C | C |
SZ04 | Torbole | 1884 | Adriatic ± | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | C | . | . | T | C | C |
SZ05 | Fish farm | 1892 | ATcs-1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
SZ06 | Fish farm | 1892 | ATcs-1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
SZ07 | Fish farm | 1892 | ADcs-1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | C | . | . | T | C | C |
SZ08 | Fish farm | 1892 | Ma2c | . | A | . | . | C | . | . | A | T | . | T | C | C |
SZ09 | Fish farm | 1892 | Ma2c | . | A | . | . | C | . | . | A | T | . | T | C | C |
SZ10 | Fish farm | 1892 | ADcs-1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | C | . | . | T | C | C | |
SZ11 | Rovereto | - | Ma2c | . | A | . | . | C | . | . | A | T | . | T | C | C |
SZ12 | Rovereto | - | MA_SZ12 * | T | A | T | . | C | . | T | A | T | . | T | C | C |
SZ13 | Torbole | 1884 | Ma2c | . | A | . | . | C | . | . | A | T | . | T | C | C |
SZ15 | Caffaro | 1900 | AD/MA ± | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | . | T | C | C |
SZ18 | Serio | 1858 | ADcs-1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | C | . | . | T | C | C |
SZ19 | Serio | 1858 | AD/MA± | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | . | . | T | C | C |
3. Results
3.1. Taxonomic Attribution of Museum Vouchers
3.2. Current Trout Populations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Museum | Collector | Cat_Num | River Drainage | Locality | Year | ID | Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vienna | unknown | NMW_96796 | Lake Garda | Torbole | 1821 | SZ01 * | [31] |
Steindachner | NMW_65951 | Lake Garda | Torbole | 1884 | SZ02 | Three pieces | |
Steindachner | NMW_65952 | Lake Garda | Torbole | 1884 | SZ03 | [31] | |
Steindachner | NMW_65954 | Lake Garda | Torbole | 1884 | SZ04 | Three pieces | |
Sturany | NMW_65415 | Lake Garda | Fish farm | 1892 | SZ05 | [31] | |
Sturany | NMW_66083_1 | Lake Garda | Fish farm | 1892 | SZ06 | [31] | |
Sturany | NMW_66083_2 | Lake Garda | Fish farm | 1892 | SZ07 | [31] | |
Sturany | NMW_66489 | Lake Garda | Fish farm | 1892 | SZ08 | [31] | |
Sturany | NMW_66490_1 | Lake Garda | Fish farm | 1892 | SZ09 | [31] | |
Sturany | NMW_66490_2 | Lake Garda | Fish farm | 1892 | SZ10 | [31] | |
unknown | NMW_67946 | Adige | Rovereto | End 1800 | SZ11 | [31] | |
unknown | NMW_90252 | Adige | Rovereto | End 1800 | SZ12 | [31] | |
Steindachner | NMW_59654 | Lake Garda | Torbole | 1884 | SZ13 | [31] | |
Brescia | unknown | MCSNB 57 | Caffaro | - | Beginning 1900 | SZ14 | Failed |
unknown | MCSNB 13 | Caffaro | - | Beginning 1900 | SZ15 | [31] | |
Pavia | unknown | MSNPV CP0433—Ex 435/593 | Serio | Bergamo | End 1800 | SZ16 | Failed |
unknown | MSNPV CP0435—Ex 438/604 | Ticino | Pavia | 1877 | SZ17 | Failed | |
Milano | unknown | MSNM Pi 3139_B | Serio | - | 1858 | SZ18 | [31] |
unknown | MSNM Pi 3139_A | Serio | - | 1858 | SZ19 | [31] |
Haplotype Distribution | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lineages | AT | AD | Ma | DA | ME | ||||||||||||
ATcs1 | AD-Thyrr1 | ADK1 | ADcs1 | Ma2C | Ma2A | Da1f | Mecs1 | Genotype | |||||||||
ID | Stream | Basin | N | Hap1 | Hap2 | Hap4 | Hap11 | Hap9 * | Hap3 | Hap5 | Hap7 * | Hap6 | Hap8 * | Hap10 | ATL | Hyb | MED |
A | Marianna ± | Ticino | 20 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 10 | 2 | ||||||||
C | Ripa ¥ | Dora Riparia | 10 | 10 | - | 7 | 3 | ||||||||||
D | Valle Rezzago | Lambro | 20 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 17 | - | |||||||||
E | Senagra | Adda | 20 | 18 | 2 | 9 | 11 | - | |||||||||
F | Caldone | Adda | 20 | 19 | 1 | 10 | 10 | - | |||||||||
G | Valle Merla | Adda | 20 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 16 | - | ||||||||
H | Acqualina | Adda | 20 | 18 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 14 | 1 | ||||||||
I | Vò | Oglio | 10 | 10 | 9 | 1 | - | ||||||||||
L | Valle della Pietra | Adda | 20 | 19 | 1 | 7 | 13 | - | |||||||||
M | Lella | Staffora | 20 | 20 | 9 | 11 | - | ||||||||||
N | Avagnone | Trebbia | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | - | |||||||
O | Rio Freddo ¥ | Tanaro | 10 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 3 | ||||||||||
Q | Grigna | Oglio | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | - | ||||||||||
R | Allione | Oglio | 12 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 2 | - | |||||||||
S | Valle di Vesta | Mincio | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | - | ||||||||||
224 | 183 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 87 | 128 | 9 |
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Antognazza, C.M.; Palandaćić, A.; Delmastro, G.B.; Crosa, G.; Zaccara, S. Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080411
Antognazza CM, Palandaćić A, Delmastro GB, Crosa G, Zaccara S. Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes. 2023; 8(8):411. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080411
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntognazza, Caterina M., Anja Palandaćić, Giovanni B. Delmastro, Giuseppe Crosa, and Serena Zaccara. 2023. "Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management" Fishes 8, no. 8: 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080411