Decision-Making Processes Underlying Pedestrian Behaviors at Signalized Crossings: Part 2. Do Pedestrians Show Cultural Herding Behavior?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Data Scoring
2.3. Research Ethics
2.4. Data Analysis
- —
- The light color when crossing (red or green).
- —
- The departure time, ΔTj, i.e., the period between the previous light color change and the moment the pedestrian j starts crossing the road. This variable is positive for pedestrians crossing after the light (for pedestrians) has turned red but negative for pedestrians crossing before the light turns red.
- —
- The departure latency ΔTj,j−1, i.e., the time elapsed between the departure of pedestrian j and previous pedestrian j−1.
- —
- The departure order of pedestrians, where the first pedestrian to leave the kerb is ranked as 1, the second as 2, and so on. Here, we then focused on pedestrians of ranks 2 to n, n being the number of following pedestrians in a crossing event, with a maximum threshold set at n = 10.
- —
- The gender (male or female).
- —
- The age, estimated at 10-year intervals from 0–9, 10–19, …, to 80–89. However, given the number of data and the analyses we carried out, it was not possible to analyze the effect of age (per interval) on the decision-making processes. Indeed, the number of pedestrians below 20 and above 60 years old was not sufficient to calculate mean departure latencies per pedestrian crossing rank (less than about 3 data per age category per rank).
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- The country (France or Japan).
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- The waiting time, i.e., the time between the moment a pedestrian stops at the light and the moment he/she starts crossing the road.
2.5. Mathematical Analyses
2.6. Modelling
- i.
- Independence hypothesis
- ii.
- Mimetic process hypothesis
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Analyses of Departure Latencies According to Pedestrian Departure Rank
3.2. Comparison between Observed Crossing and Simulated Crossing
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Information Type | France-Strasbourg | |||
Sites | Train Station | Pont des Corbeaux | Place Broglie | |
Coordinates | 48.584474, 7.736135 | 48.579509, 7.750745 | 48.584559, 7.748628 | |
Lanes | 2 * 1 | 2 * 2 | 2 * 1 | |
Mean pedestrian flow per h | 667 | 612 | 850 | |
Mean road-crossing speed (m.s−1) | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 1.11 ± 0.29 | 1.01 ± 0.16 | |
Data collection dates | 2–7 July 2014 | 1–25 October 2014 | 15 February–9 March 2015 | |
Information Type | Japan-Nagoya | |||
Sites | Train Station | Maruei | Excelco | Osu-Kannon |
Coordinates | 35.170824, 136.884328 | 35.168638, 136.905740 | 35.166891, 136.907284 | 35.159316, 136.901697 |
Lanes | 2 * 3 | 1 * 1 | 2 * 1 | 2 * 1 |
Mean pedestrian flow per h | 480 | 645 | 869 | 814 |
Mean road-crossing speed (m.s−1) | 1.10 ± 0.22 | 1.15 ± 0.21 | 0.98 ± 0.21 | 1.07 ± 0.18 |
Data collection dates | 13 June–5 July 2011 | 27 January–5 February 2015 |
Light Color | Country | Gender | D | ψ01 | Range of Calculated C | Best C | Crossing Rule |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Green | France | Man | 98 | 0.013 | 0.0001–0.0026 | 0.0006 | Crossing |
Green | France | Woman | 130 | 0.013 | 0.0005–0.0031 | 0.0012 | Crossing |
Green | Japan | Man | 638 | 0.016 | 0.0006–0.0026 | 0.0016 | Crossing |
Green | Japan | Woman | 972 | 0.017 | 0.0004–0.0031 | 0.00135 | Crossing |
Red | France | Man | 290 | 0.0008 | 0.00047–0.0006 | 0.0005 | Crossing |
Red | France | Woman | 384 | 0.0006 | 0.00083–0.0002 | 0.0008 | Crossing |
Red | Japan | Man | 35 | 0.0003 | 0.0056–0.011 | 0.005 | Crossing/Waiting |
Red | Japan | Woman | 22 | 0.0003 | 0.0021–0.0032 | 0.005 | Crossing/Waiting |
Country | Gender | Green Light | Red Light | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | p | df | F | p | ||
France | Man | 7 | 2.79 | 0.139 | 7 | 15.37 | 0.006 |
France | Woman | 7 | 4.01 | 0.08 | 7 | 1.448 | 0.268 |
Japan | Man | 7 | 42.02 | 0.0003 | 7 | 5.93 | 0.026 |
Japan | Woman | 7 | 40.1 | 0.0004 | 4 | 7.81 | 0.039 |
Hypotheses | France | Japan | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
men | women | men | women | |
Observed | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Independence hyp. | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.0006 | 0.001 |
Mimetic hyp. (C) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
Mimetic hyp. (C/W) | NA | NA | 0.02 | 0.02 |
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Pelé, M.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Sueur, C. Decision-Making Processes Underlying Pedestrian Behaviors at Signalized Crossings: Part 2. Do Pedestrians Show Cultural Herding Behavior? Safety 2019, 5, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5040082
Pelé M, Deneubourg J-L, Sueur C. Decision-Making Processes Underlying Pedestrian Behaviors at Signalized Crossings: Part 2. Do Pedestrians Show Cultural Herding Behavior? Safety. 2019; 5(4):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5040082
Chicago/Turabian StylePelé, Marie, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, and Cédric Sueur. 2019. "Decision-Making Processes Underlying Pedestrian Behaviors at Signalized Crossings: Part 2. Do Pedestrians Show Cultural Herding Behavior?" Safety 5, no. 4: 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5040082