Examination of Strenuous Activity Preceding Cardiac Death during Firefighting Duties
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Variable | Reported by the USFA | Investigated by NIOSH | Χ2 (p Value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||||
N | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Fatality | Duty-related firefighter fatality | 868 | 633 | 235 | |
Nature of Fatality | Non-medical cause of death | 387 | 276 (43.6) | 111 (47.2) | 0.915 (0.339) |
Medical cause of death a | 481 | 357 (56.4) | 124 (52.8) | ||
Origin of Deatha | Noncardiac | 54 | 37 (10.4) | 17 (13.7) | 1.034 (0.309) |
Cardiac b | 427 | 320 (89.6) | 107 (86.3) | ||
Type of Situation Encounteredb | Fire | 71 | 35 (10.9) | 36 (33.6) * | 47.611 |
Non-fire emergency ops | 36 | 28 (8.8) | 8 (7.5) | (<0.001) | |
Training | 49 | 28 (8.8) | 21 (19.6) * | ||
Responding | 36 | 33 (10.3) | 3 (2.8) * | ||
Nonemergency/Nontrain c | 235 | 196 (61.3) | 39 (36.4) * |
Nature of Fatal Injury/Illness | N | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Medical | 124 | 52.8 |
Coronary heart disease | 95 | 40.4 |
Cardiac conduction problem | 1 | 0.4 |
Heart valve abnormality | 2 | 0.9 |
Cardiomyopathy | 6 | 2.6 |
Aortic aneurysm | 2 | 0.9 |
Hyperthermia | 5 | 2.1 |
Other medical | 13 | 5.5 |
Non-medical | 109 | 46.4 |
Internal trauma | 27 | 11.5 |
Asphyxiation | 26 | 11.1 |
Burns | 14 | 6.0 |
Crushed | 16 | 6.8 |
Other non-medical | 26 | 11.1 |
Unknown | 2 | 0.9 |
Type of Situation Encountered | N | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Fire | 36 | 33.6 |
Structure | 25 | 23.4 |
Wildland | 9 | 8.4 |
Outdoor | 2 | 1.9 |
Non-fire emergency operations | 8 | 7.5 |
Motor vehicle accident | 3 | 2.8 |
Emergency medical services | 5 | 4.7 |
Training | 21 | 19.6 |
Physical fitness | 5 | 4.7 |
Firefighting-live fire | 4 | 3.7 |
Firefighting-other than live fire | 12 | 11.2 |
Responding | 3 | 2.8 |
Nonemergency/Non-training | 39 | 36.4 |
False alarm | 2 | 1.9 |
Other | 3 | 2.8 |
Unknown/Not applicable | 33 | 30.8 |
Undefined | 1 | 0.9 |
Type of Situation Encountered | On-Scene (min) | Strenuous Work (min) |
---|---|---|
Fire (n = 36; n = 35) | 55 ± 96 | 30 ± 26 |
Structure (n = 25) | 42 ± 28 | 30 ± 25 |
Wildland (n = 9; n = 8) | 99 ± 187 | 35 ± 31 |
Outdoor (n = 2) | 14 ± 4 | 10 ± 9 |
Non-fire emergency operations (n = 8) | 27 ± 21 | 14 ± 15 |
Motor vehicle accident (n = 3) | 27 ± 22 | 19 ± 27 |
Emergency medical services (n = 5) | 27 ± 23 | 11 ± 2 |
Training (n = 21) | 149 ± 144 | 47 ± 52 |
Physical fitness (n = 5) | 36 ± 19 | 36 ± 19 |
Firefighting-live fire (n = 4) | 304 ± 192 | 77 ± 91 |
Firefighting-other than live fire (n = 12) | 145 ± 115 | 42 ± 46 |
Responding (n = 3) | - | - |
Nonemergency/Non-training (n = 18; n = 24) | 68 ± 109 | 34 ± 35 |
False alarm (n = 2) | 20 ± 6 | 20 ± 6 |
Other (n = 2) | 103 ± 124 | 28 ± 18 |
Unknown/Not applicable (n = 13; n = 19) | 73 ± 122 | 37 ± 38 |
Undefined (n = 1) | 27 | 20 |
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Haller, J.M.; Smith, D.L. Examination of Strenuous Activity Preceding Cardiac Death during Firefighting Duties. Safety 2019, 5, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5030050
Haller JM, Smith DL. Examination of Strenuous Activity Preceding Cardiac Death during Firefighting Duties. Safety. 2019; 5(3):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5030050
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaller, Jeannie M., and Denise L. Smith. 2019. "Examination of Strenuous Activity Preceding Cardiac Death during Firefighting Duties" Safety 5, no. 3: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5030050
APA StyleHaller, J. M., & Smith, D. L. (2019). Examination of Strenuous Activity Preceding Cardiac Death during Firefighting Duties. Safety, 5(3), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5030050