The Potential of Valorized Sisal Decorticated Waste in Rearing of Black Soldier Fly
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Generated Waste
2.2. Physiochemical Parameters of Fresh Sisal Decorticated Waste
2.3. Elemental Profile of Sisal Decorticated Waste
2.4. Pre-Treatment of Sisal Decorticated Waste
2.5. BSF Larva Biomass Produces
2.6. Reduced Waste
2.7. Nutrition Value of BSF Larvae Fed with Pre-Treated Sisal Decorticated Waste
2.8. Mineral Elements of BSF Larvae Reared in Sisal Decorticated Waste
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Description of the Study Area
3.2. Waste Generated
3.3. Physiochemical Parameters of Fresh and Dried Sisal Decorticated Waste
3.4. Elemental Profile of Sisal Decorticated Waste
3.5. Pre-Treatment of Sisal Decorticated Waste
3.5.1. Sun Drying
3.5.2. Sieving
3.5.3. Decomposition and Neutralization
3.6. BSF Larva Biomass
3.7. Reduced Waste
3.8. Nutrition Value of BSF Larvae Fed with Sisal Waste
Whereby, N = Percentage by mass of Nitrogen
6.25 = Protein factor
Original weight of sample
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S/N | Plant Age (Years) | Weight of Bundle W1 (Kg) | Weight of Wet Waste W2 (Kg) | Weight of Dry Waste W3 (Kg) | %Weight of Wet Waste | Mean ± SD (%/w) of Wet | %Weight of Dry Waste | Mean ± SD (%/w) of Dry Waste |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 46.6 | 33.8 | 8.7 | 72.53 | 68.78 ± 6.96 | 18.67 | 17.76 ± 0.81 |
2 | 93.2 | 68.1 | 16.31 | 73.07 | 17.5 | |||
3 | 47.9 | 29.7 | 8.2 | 60.75 | 17.12 | |||
4 | 6 | 104.3 | 45.1 | 17.3 | 43.37 | 36.32 ± 6.52 | 16.59 | 16.41 ± 1.71 |
5 | 137.6 | 42 | 20.1 | 30.52 | 14.61 | |||
6 | 143.7 | 50.4 | 25.9 | 35.07 | 18.02 |
Physiochemical Parameters | Value ( ± SD) |
---|---|
pH | 4.5 ± 0.06 |
Conductivity (μS/m) | 1523 ± 0.03 |
Elements in SDW | Concentration (ppm) ( ± SD) |
---|---|
Magnesium | 19,662 ± 0.52 |
Aluminum | 1290 ± 0.9 |
Phosphorus | 7065 ± 0.54 |
Potassium | 15,685 ± 0.203 |
Calcium | 100,294 ± 0.117 |
Titanium | 258 ± 0.18 |
Vanadium | 38 ± 0. 2 |
Manganese | 85 ± 0.14 |
Iron | 3354 ± 0.19 |
Nickel | 5 ± 0.02 |
Copper | 26 ± 0.21 |
Zinc | 70 ± 0.01 |
Rubidium | 9 ± 0.05 |
Barium | 659 ± 0.62 |
Nutrients | Measured Value |
---|---|
pH | 7.5 ± 0.06 |
Moisture content (%) | 11 ± 0.02 |
Organic matter (%) | 71 ± 0.01 |
Protein (%) | 10 ± 0.01 |
Energy (kcal) | 1615 ± 0.58 |
Samples | Weight of Wet BSF Larvae (Mean ± SD) |
---|---|
FW | 244 ± 4.16 |
SDW | 336 ± 41.3 |
Samples | Initial Substrate Weight (g) | Mean ± SD | %Waste Reduction |
---|---|---|---|
FW | 3000 | 647 ± 0.26 | 78 |
SDW | 3000 | 1434 ± 0.05 | 52 |
Nutrients | Substrates | |
---|---|---|
FW | SDW | |
Crude protein (%) | 16 ± 0.006 | 53 ± 0.005 |
Carbohydrate (%) | 39 ± 0.005 | 43 ± 0.01 |
Fat content (%) | 32 ± 0.01 | 4 ± 0.01 |
Moisture content (%) | 7 ± 0.05 | 10 ± 0.1 |
Ash (%) | 9 ± 0.12 | 37 ± 0.08 |
Elements | Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDW (ppm) | 2378 | 23,280 | 1537 | 5957 | 15,050 | 3052 | 23,283 |
FW (ppm) | 1610 | 1800 | 264 | 915 | 5447 | 1801 | 1373 |
Elements | Ca | Mn | Fe | Ni | Cu | Zn | Se |
SDW (ppm) | 130,800 | 120 | 2053 | 2.7 | 49 | 135 | 0.77 |
FW (ppm) | 17,500 | 82 | 566 | 0.5 | 13 | 94 | 0.4 |
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Konyo, A.A.; Machunda, R.; Pasape, L.; Mshandete, A. The Potential of Valorized Sisal Decorticated Waste in Rearing of Black Soldier Fly. Recycling 2023, 8, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling8010001
Konyo AA, Machunda R, Pasape L, Mshandete A. The Potential of Valorized Sisal Decorticated Waste in Rearing of Black Soldier Fly. Recycling. 2023; 8(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling8010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonyo, Aziza Athumani, Revocatus Machunda, Liliane Pasape, and Anthony Mshandete. 2023. "The Potential of Valorized Sisal Decorticated Waste in Rearing of Black Soldier Fly" Recycling 8, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling8010001