Characterization of a Metallic-Ions-Independent L-Arabinose Isomerase from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Production of D-Tagatose as a Functional Sweetener
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria
2.2. Screening and Identification of L-Arabinose Isomerase-Producing Bacteria
2.3. Cloning and Sequence Analysis of L-Arabinose Isomerase Gene
2.4. Expression and Characterization of L-Arabinose Isomerase
2.5. Characterization of BAAI
2.6. Bioconversion of D-Galactose into D-Tagatose by BAAI
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Isolation and Identification of L-Arabinose Isomerase-Producing Bacteria
3.2. Cloning and Sequence Analysis
3.3. Expression and Characterization of L-AI
3.4. Bioconversion of D-Galactose into D-Tagatose by BAAI
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | BAAI |
---|---|
Number of amino acids | 499 |
Molecular weight (kDa) | 56.41 |
pI | 5.45 |
Total number of negatively charged residues | 70 |
Total number of positively charged residues | 52 |
GRAVY | −0.337 |
Instability index | 35.77 |
Aliphatic index | 80.94 |
Treatment | Relative Activity (%) |
---|---|
Control * | 100 d |
EDTA-Treated L-AI ** | 94 e ± 2 |
1,10-phenanthroline-Treated L-AI *** | 96 e ± 1.2 |
Pb2+ | 0 i |
Cr2+ | 0 i |
Cu2+ | 125 c ± 5 |
Zn2+ | 46 g ± 2 |
Ba2+ | 0 i |
Sn2+ | 120 b ± 3 |
Mg2+ | 160 a ± 5 |
Ca2+ | 33 h ± 5 |
Hg2+ | 0 i |
Mn2+ | 165 a ± 3 |
Co2+ | 74 f ± 4 |
Organism | L-Arabinose | D-Galactose | Reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Km (mM) | Kcat (min−1) | Kcat/Km (mM–1 min–1) | Km (mM) | Kcat (min−1) | Kcat/Km (mM–1 min–1) | ||
B. amyloliquefaciens | 92.84 | 4350 | 46.85 | 251.6 | 589.5 | 2.34 | This study |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus | 77.0 | 4515 | 58.0 | 279.0 | 3185 | 11.4 | [82] |
Lactobacillus reuteri | 633.0 | 57,540 | 90.0 | 647.0 | 3540 | 5.4 | [87] |
Anoxybacillus flavithermus | 78.5 | 52.8 | 0.67 | 25.1 | 129.9 | 5.1 | [39] |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | 142.0 | NR | 48 | 408.0 | NR | 0.5 | [84] |
Bacillus licheniformis | 369.0 | 12,450 | 34.0 | NR | NR | NR | [88] |
Lactobacillus sakai | 32.0 | 3516 | 109.2 | NR | NR | NR | [32] |
Bifidobacterium adolescentis | 40.2 | NR | 8.6 | 22.4 | NR | 9.3 | [56] |
Enterococcus faecium | NR | NR | NR | 225.0 | 151 | 0.68 | [37] |
Bacillus coagulans | 269.8 | NR | 8.7 | 355.1 | NR | 1.0 | [55] |
Bacillus velezensis | 194.6 | 2067.3 | 10.58 | NR | NR | NR | [89] |
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Shehata, H.M.; Abd El-Ghany, M.N.; Hamdi, S.A.; Abomughaid, M.M.; Ghaleb, K.I.; Kamel, Z.; Farahat, M.G. Characterization of a Metallic-Ions-Independent L-Arabinose Isomerase from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Production of D-Tagatose as a Functional Sweetener. Fermentation 2023, 9, 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080749
Shehata HM, Abd El-Ghany MN, Hamdi SA, Abomughaid MM, Ghaleb KI, Kamel Z, Farahat MG. Characterization of a Metallic-Ions-Independent L-Arabinose Isomerase from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Production of D-Tagatose as a Functional Sweetener. Fermentation. 2023; 9(8):749. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080749
Chicago/Turabian StyleShehata, Hoda M., Mohamed N. Abd El-Ghany, Salwa A. Hamdi, Mosleh M. Abomughaid, Khaled I. Ghaleb, Zeinat Kamel, and Mohamed G. Farahat. 2023. "Characterization of a Metallic-Ions-Independent L-Arabinose Isomerase from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Production of D-Tagatose as a Functional Sweetener" Fermentation 9, no. 8: 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080749