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Volume 9
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10.3390/fermentation9060535
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Article

Layer Inoculation as a New Technology to Resist Volatile Fatty Acid Inhibition during Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion: Methane Yield Performance and Microbial Responses

by
Xingliang Gao
1,†,
Zhuowu Li
2,†,
Keqiang Zhang
2,3,
Dewang Kong
4,
Wenxuan Gao
2,
Junfeng Liang
2,3,
Fuyuan Liu
1,* and
Lianzhu Du
2,3,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, 221 Wuyi Road, Shihezi 832000, China
2
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 31 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300191, China
3
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
4
Hangzhou Energy and Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., 207 East Fengqi Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Fermentation 2023, 9(6), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060535
Submission received: 13 April 2023 / Revised: 26 May 2023 / Accepted: 29 May 2023 / Published: 31 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Converter: Anaerobic Digestion)
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Abstract

Solid-state anaerobic digestion is easily inhibited by high volatile fatty acid induced by high total solids, although it is a promising technology. Previous studies on volatile fatty acid inhibition mainly focused on total solid content, co-digestion substrates, and external additives. The present study proposed a new inoculation method named layer inoculation and compared it to premixing inoculation in the solid-state anaerobic digestion of pig manure and maize straw. The results showed that the cumulative CH4 yields from layer inoculation (211.5 mL/g-VS) were 5.64 times more than premixing inoculation (37.5 mL/g-VS) under a low inoculation ratio (25%), with the values of total volatile fatty acid being greater than 30.0 mg/g. The concentrations of total VFAs and acetic acid from layer inoculation decreased dramatically during days 18–43. Layer inoculation also showed wider specific methane yield peaks and shorter startup times than premixing inoculation. Methanosphaerula and Methanothrix were the most dominant genera, while the genus Methanosphaerula did not correlate with volatile fatty acids, pH, or total ammonia nitrogen. The hydrogenotrophic methanogen pathway was predominant during solid-state anaerobic digestion; the shift from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic occurred in premixing inoculation, and it was stable in layer inoculation (61.20–68.88%). Overall, layer inoculation can effectively enhance methane production under high volatile fatty acid concentrations compared with premixing inoculation.
Keywords: solid-state anaerobic digestion; layer inoculation; premixing inoculation; microbial community; volatile fatty acid inhibition solid-state anaerobic digestion; layer inoculation; premixing inoculation; microbial community; volatile fatty acid inhibition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gao, X.; Li, Z.; Zhang, K.; Kong, D.; Gao, W.; Liang, J.; Liu, F.; Du, L. Layer Inoculation as a New Technology to Resist Volatile Fatty Acid Inhibition during Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion: Methane Yield Performance and Microbial Responses. Fermentation 2023, 9, 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060535

AMA Style

Gao X, Li Z, Zhang K, Kong D, Gao W, Liang J, Liu F, Du L. Layer Inoculation as a New Technology to Resist Volatile Fatty Acid Inhibition during Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion: Methane Yield Performance and Microbial Responses. Fermentation. 2023; 9(6):535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060535

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gao, Xingliang, Zhuowu Li, Keqiang Zhang, Dewang Kong, Wenxuan Gao, Junfeng Liang, Fuyuan Liu, and Lianzhu Du. 2023. "Layer Inoculation as a New Technology to Resist Volatile Fatty Acid Inhibition during Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion: Methane Yield Performance and Microbial Responses" Fermentation 9, no. 6: 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060535

APA Style

Gao, X., Li, Z., Zhang, K., Kong, D., Gao, W., Liang, J., Liu, F., & Du, L. (2023). Layer Inoculation as a New Technology to Resist Volatile Fatty Acid Inhibition during Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion: Methane Yield Performance and Microbial Responses. Fermentation, 9(6), 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060535

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