Supercapacitor Electrodes from Viscose-Based Activated Carbon Fibers: Significant Yield and Performance Improvement Using Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate as Impregnating Agent
by
Stefan Breitenbach 1,2,*
, Alexander Lumetzberger 3, Mathias Andreas Hobisch 4, Christoph Unterweger 1, Stefan Spirk 4, David Stifter 3, Christian Fürst 1 and Achim Walter Hassel 2
Stefan Breitenbach 1,2,*, Alexander Lumetzberger 3, Mathias Andreas Hobisch 4, Christoph Unterweger 1, Stefan Spirk 4, David Stifter 3, Christian Fürst 1 and Achim Walter Hassel 2
1
Wood K plus—Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, 4040 Linz, Austria
2
Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
3
Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics (ZONA), Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
4
Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
C 2020, 6(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/c6020017
Received: 14 February 2020 / Revised: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 March 2020 / Published: 27 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon for Energy Storage and Environment Protection and Selected Papers from CESEP 2019)
Viscose fibers were impregnated with different concentrations of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP), carbonized, activated, and tested as high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. The yield of these activated carbon fibers (ACFs) could be increased by a factor of 14 by using DAHP compared to ACF without impregnation. These specific activation procedures yielded a high specific surface area of more than 2700 m2·g−1 with a pore size distribution (PSD) suitable for use as a supercapacitor electrode. The electrode materials were implemented in symmetric supercapacitors using TEMA BF4 as electrolyte and cyclic voltammetry measurements showed high specific capacitances of up to 167 F·g−1. Furthermore, the devices showed high energy densities of up to 21.4 W·h·kg−1 and high-power densities of up to 8.7 kW·kg−1. The supercapacitors featured high capacity retention (96%) after 10,000 cycles. These results show that ACFs made of viscose fibers, previously impregnated with DAHP, can be used as high-performance electrodes in supercapacitors for energy storage applications.
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Keywords:
supercapacitor; activated carbon; diammonium hydrogen phosphate; viscose fibers; bio-based carbon; energy storage
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Breitenbach, S.; Lumetzberger, A.; Hobisch, M.A.; Unterweger, C.; Spirk, S.; Stifter, D.; Fürst, C.; Hassel, A.W. Supercapacitor Electrodes from Viscose-Based Activated Carbon Fibers: Significant Yield and Performance Improvement Using Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate as Impregnating Agent. C 2020, 6, 17.
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