Next Article in Journal
ZnCl2-Activated Nanoporous Carbon Materials from Phyllanthus emblica Seed for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Previous Article in Journal
GHG Emissions and Carbon Sequestration in Coastal Bambusa edulis Shelterbelts with Biochar and Organic Fertilizer
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
C
Volume 11
Issue 4
10.3390/c11040094
carbon-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Enhanced Antibacterial Properties of Citric Acid-Crosslinked PVA/Starch Films Functionalized with Silver-Loaded Sorghum Straw Biochar

by
Yue Wang
1,†,
Jiayao Gao
1,†,
Cuiluan Ma
2 and
Yucai He
1,*
1
School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
C 2025, 11(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/c11040094
Submission received: 18 November 2025 / Revised: 11 December 2025 / Accepted: 12 December 2025 / Published: 16 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Carbon Materials and Carbon Allotropes)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

In this work, a novel polyvinyl alcohol/starch (PVA/St)-based composite film was fabricated by integrating citric acid (CA) and silver-loaded biochar (C-Ag) nanofillers to enhance antibacterial functionality. Sorghum straw-derived biochar was loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through a green synthesis route using Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn extract. The successful crosslinking by CA and the uniform incorporation of AgNPs were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Notably, the optimized composite film containing 1.5 g/L C-Ag exhibited strong broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 28 mm against E. coli, 29 mm against S. aureus, and 26 mm against P. aeruginosa, respectively. The high efficacy is attributed to the synergistic effect between the sustained release of Ag+ and the CA-induced acidic microenvironment. This work provides a green and high-performance antibacterial material to address the potential microbe contamination.
Keywords: antimicrobial ability; Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn extract; PVA/starch film; silver-loaded sorghum straw biochar antimicrobial ability; Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn extract; PVA/starch film; silver-loaded sorghum straw biochar

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Y.; Gao, J.; Ma, C.; He, Y. Enhanced Antibacterial Properties of Citric Acid-Crosslinked PVA/Starch Films Functionalized with Silver-Loaded Sorghum Straw Biochar. C 2025, 11, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/c11040094

AMA Style

Wang Y, Gao J, Ma C, He Y. Enhanced Antibacterial Properties of Citric Acid-Crosslinked PVA/Starch Films Functionalized with Silver-Loaded Sorghum Straw Biochar. C. 2025; 11(4):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/c11040094

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Yue, Jiayao Gao, Cuiluan Ma, and Yucai He. 2025. "Enhanced Antibacterial Properties of Citric Acid-Crosslinked PVA/Starch Films Functionalized with Silver-Loaded Sorghum Straw Biochar" C 11, no. 4: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/c11040094

APA Style

Wang, Y., Gao, J., Ma, C., & He, Y. (2025). Enhanced Antibacterial Properties of Citric Acid-Crosslinked PVA/Starch Films Functionalized with Silver-Loaded Sorghum Straw Biochar. C, 11(4), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/c11040094

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop