Pristine and Coated Carbon Nanotube Sheets—Characterization and Potential Applications
Abstract
:1. Background
Polysilazane Sealant Description
2. Experimentation
2.1. Sheet Thickness Measurement
2.2. Vertical Flame Test
2.2.1. General Procedure
2.2.2. Experimental Results
2.3. Average Resistivity of Thin CNT Sheets
2.3.1. General Procedure
2.3.2. Experimental Results
2.4. Tensile Strength
2.4.1. Procedure
2.4.2. Experimental Results
2.5. Raman Spectroscopy
2.5.1. Procedure
2.5.2. Experimental Results
2.6. Handleability (Ability to Be Manipulated, Folded, Pulled)
2.6.1. Procedure
2.6.2. Experimental Results
2.7. Density
2.7.1. Procedure
2.7.2. Experimental Results
2.8. Hydrophobicity Test
2.8.1. Procedure
2.8.2. Experimental Results
2.9. Other Properties
3. Applications
3.1. Battery Secondary Enclosure
3.2. Textile Conductor for Soft Actuators
3.3. CNT Composited Textiles as Shielding Materials
3.4. Automotive Smart Fabric Components
3.5. Aircraft High-Temperature Laminated Composites
4. Conclusions and Summary
- Vertical flame test: Both the polysilazane-coated CNT and the pristine CNT demonstrated notable flame resistance. The polysilazane-coated CNT had a shorter tear length and less burn damage after exposure to a flame in comparison to the uncoated pristine CNT;
- Average surface resistivity: Both the pristine and polysilazane-coated materials exhibited moderate electrical resistance, indicating their applicability for electrical applications such as electromagnetic shielding;
- Tensile strength: Polysilazane-coated CNT sheets on average were stronger than pristine CNT sheer and stronger in the winding direction versus the transverse in-plane direction. Polysilazane coating reduces the shedding of CNT particles from the sheet. The polysilazane-coated CNT sheet also seems to be a more compacted CNT fabric, thus increasing the strength. CNT sheets, being nonwoven, have low strength and very high strain to failure;
- Raman spectroscopy: The G/D ratio of the peaks for the pristine CNT sample is 7.5 and that for the polysilazane-coated CNT sheet is 4.5. The pristine sample’s higher G/D ratio indicates increased crystallinity and purity (which is related to quality) of the CNT sheets, as polysilazane-coated CNT sheets are composed of materials other than carbon;
- Handleability: The polysilazane-coated CNT sheet exhibited a comparatively higher rigidity when compared to the pristine CNT sheet and notably lacked the creases or wrinkles that were apparent in the pristine material. The polysilazane-coated CNT sheet emitted significantly less audible noise in comparison to the pristine CNT sheet when flexing the fabric. An important outcome of the study was that coated CNT almost eliminated shedding of CNT strands from the fabric;
- Density: The density for the pristine CNT was found to be 0.48 g/cc and that for the polysilazane-coated sheet was 0.65 g/cc. Thickness of the sheet was difficult to measure due to compressibility of the material, which causes error in the density calculation;
- Hydrophobicity: Both sheets are hydrophobic. The polysilazane-coated CNT fabric is more hydrophobic than the pristine CNT fabric. However, oil droplets slowly seeped through both sheets.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | After-Flame Time | Afterglow Time | Char Length | Tear Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pristine CNT | <1 s | <1 s | <30 mm | 20 mm |
Polysilazane-coated CNT | <1 s | <1 s | <30 mm | 11 mm |
S. No. | Sample Name | Average Sheet Resistance (Ω/sq) | Thickness (cm) | Thin-Film Resistivity (Ω·cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pristine CNT | 0.649 | 0.00273 | 0.0018 |
2 | Polysilazane-Coated CNT | 0.482 | 0.00241 | 0.0012 |
Type | Mass (g) | Length (cm) | Width (cm) | Thickness (cm) | Volume (cm^3) | Density (g/cc) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pristine CNT | 0.1901 | 12 | 12 | 0.00273 | 0.3931 | 0.48 |
Polysilazane-coated CNT | 0.2245 | 12 | 12 | 0.00241 | 0.3470 | 0.65 |
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Giri, P.; Gill, I.; Swensgard, M.; Kaiser, A.; Rust, A.; Stuparyk, B.; Fisher, A.; Williams, J.; Renoit, K.; Kreeb, E.; et al. Pristine and Coated Carbon Nanotube Sheets—Characterization and Potential Applications. C 2024, 10, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010017
Giri P, Gill I, Swensgard M, Kaiser A, Rust A, Stuparyk B, Fisher A, Williams J, Renoit K, Kreeb E, et al. Pristine and Coated Carbon Nanotube Sheets—Characterization and Potential Applications. C. 2024; 10(1):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010017
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiri, Prakash, Irwin Gill, Morgan Swensgard, Alexandra Kaiser, Audrey Rust, Brian Stuparyk, Andrew Fisher, Justice Williams, Katie Renoit, Eleanor Kreeb, and et al. 2024. "Pristine and Coated Carbon Nanotube Sheets—Characterization and Potential Applications" C 10, no. 1: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010017