Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of a New Structure of Protected Agriculture Established in a Region of Tropical Climate Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Structure and Experimental Arrangement
2.2. Physical and Mathematical Model and Boundary Conditions
2.3. Developed Simulation Scenarios
2.4. Model Validation
3. Results
3.1. Test of Independence of Numerical Grid
3.2. Numerical Model Validation
3.3. Air Flow Patterns
3.4. Spatial Temperature Distribution
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Air | Agricultural Soil | Polyethylene Cover |
---|---|---|---|
Density (ρ, kg m−3) | 1.225 | 1700 | 950 |
Thermal conductivity (k, W m−1 K−1) | 0.0242 | 0.85 | 0.19 |
Specific heat (Cp, J K−1 kg−1) | 1006.43 | 1010 | 1600 |
Absorptivity coefficient | 0.10 | 0.5 | 0.15 |
Refractive index | 1.0 | 1.92 | 1.7 |
Emissivity | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.85 |
Hour | Air Temperature [°C] | Solar Radiation [W m−2] | Wind Velocity [m s−1] | Wind Direction |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hour 06 | 21.3 | 30.1 | 0.2 | ESE |
Hour 07 | 21.8 | 66.1 | 0.3 | ESE |
Hour 08 | 23.6 | 233.2 | 0.5 | S |
Hour 09 | 25.6 | 448.2 | 0.7 | S |
Hour 10 | 27.3 | 643.5 | 1.3 | S |
Hour 11 | 28.7 | 793.9 | 1.9 | S |
Hour 12 | 29.8 | 873.7 | 2.5 | S |
Hour 13 | 30.5 | 859.7 | 3.1 | S |
Hour 14 | 30.8 | 860.2 | 3.1 | ESE |
Hour 15 | 30.8 | 732.5 | 3.3 | S |
Hour 16 | 30.4 | 433.8 | 3.5 | ESE |
Hour 17 | 29.4 | 211.6 | 3.3 | ESE |
Test Point | RMSE [°C] | MAPE [%] |
---|---|---|
Test point 1 | 1.41 | 1.43 |
Test point 2 | 1.61 | 1.63 |
Test point 3 | 0.75 | 0.96 |
Test point 4 | 2.94 | 2.64 |
Test point 5 | 0.83 | 1.62 |
Hour | Vm [m s−1] | U0 [%] | Hour | Vm [m s−1] | U0 [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hour 06 | 0.14 ± 0.11 | 70.3 ± 17.1 | Hour 12 | 0.48 ± 0.22 | 19.2 ± 9.4 |
Hour 07 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 65.8 ± 29.6 | Hour 13 | 0.57 ± 0.21 | 18.3 ± 7.1 |
Hour 08 | 0.21 ± 0.08 | 42.9 ± 16.3 | Hour 14 | 0.58 ± 0.20 | 18.5 ± 6.9 |
Hour 09 | 0.31 ± 0.10 | 45.6 ± 14.6 | Hour 15 | 0.64 ± 0.22 | 19.6 ± 6.6 |
Hour 10 | 0.51 ± 0.19 | 39.8 ± 14.7 | Hour 16 | 0.72 ± 0.23 | 20.6 ± 6.8 |
Hour 11 | 0.52 ± 0.21 | 27.5 ± 11.4 | Hour 17 | 0.71 ± 0.24 | 21.6 ± 7.6 |
Hour | T [°C] | ΔT [°C] | Hour | T [°C] | ΔT [°C] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hour 06 | 21.6 ± 0.11 | 0.31 ± 0.11 | Hour 12 | 33.6 ± 2.22 | 3.88 ± 2.22 |
Hour 07 | 22.2 ± 0.15 | 0.48 ± 0.15 | Hour 13 | 34.3 ± 2.25 | 3.89 ± 2.25 |
Hour 08 | 24.9 ± 0.67 | 1.39 ± 0.67 | Hour 14 | 34.8 ± 2.33 | 4.02 ± 2.33 |
Hour 09 | 28.1 ± 1.52 | 2.54 ± 1.52 | Hour 15 | 34.2 ± 2.20 | 3.38 ± 2.20 |
Hour 10 | 29.7 ± 1.50 | 2.45 ± 1.50 | Hour 16 | 32.4 ± 1.27 | 2.02 ± 1.27 |
Hour 11 | 31.5 ± 1.59 | 2.87 ± 1.59 | Hour 17 | 30.3 ± 0.59 | 0.92 ± 0.59 |
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Villagrán, E.; Rodriguez, A. Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of a New Structure of Protected Agriculture Established in a Region of Tropical Climate Conditions. Fluids 2021, 6, 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060223
Villagrán E, Rodriguez A. Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of a New Structure of Protected Agriculture Established in a Region of Tropical Climate Conditions. Fluids. 2021; 6(6):223. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060223
Chicago/Turabian StyleVillagrán, Edwin, and Andrea Rodriguez. 2021. "Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of a New Structure of Protected Agriculture Established in a Region of Tropical Climate Conditions" Fluids 6, no. 6: 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060223