Rheological Properties of Weak Gel System Cross-Linked from Chromium Acetate and Polyacrylamide and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery After Polymer Flooding for Heterogeneous Reservoir
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Morphology and Microstructure Characterization
2.2. Rheological Properties of Weak Gel System
2.3. Enhanced Oil Recovery in Parallel Sandpack Models
2.3.1. Pressure Drop
2.3.2. Fractional Flows
2.3.3. Enhanced Oil Recovery
3. Conclusions
- (1)
- The synthesized weak gel system flaunts a distinct network structure, endowing it with excellent shear resistance. Its apparent viscosity is notably higher than that of the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution and rises with prolonged crosslinking time. Moreover, it exhibits typical pseudo-plastic behavior.
- (2)
- The weak gel system belongs to the category of viscoelastic fluids, wherein its elastic properties prevail over the viscous ones. The weak gel system exhibits notably enhanced viscoelastic properties. As the crosslinking process extends over a longer duration, the viscoelasticity of the weak gel system experiences a progressive augmentation, manifesting a more pronounced and resilient rheological behavior.
- (3)
- Compared with the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution, the weak gel system is better suited for highly heterogeneous, low-permeability reservoirs. The more heterogeneous the reservoir, the more effective the weak gel’s conformance control. After partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution flooding, as the permeability ratio climbs from 14.39 to 35.64, enhanced oil recoveries in low-permeability sandpacks soar from 22% to 48%.
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Preparation of Weak Gel
4.3. Characterization
4.4. Rheological Experiment
4.5. Parallel Sandpack Flooding Experiment
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test | Permeability (10−3 μm2) | Permeability Ratio | Initial oil Saturation (%) | Recovery of Water Flood (%) | After Polymer Flooding | After Weak Gel Flooding | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COR (%) | EOR (%) | COR (%) | EOR (%) | |||||
1 | High 4740.82 | 35.64 | 78 | 54 | 80 | 26 | 80 | 0 |
Low 133.02 | 82 | 3 | 17 | 14 | 66 | 48 | ||
2 | High 3278.17 | 21.47 | 78 | 55 | 81 | 26 | 81 | 0 |
Low 152.69 | 84. | 11 | 36 | 26 | 70 | 34 | ||
3 | High 2633.68 | 14.39 | 77 | 56 | 83 | 27 | 83 | 0 |
Low 183.02 | 88 | 6 | 48 | 42 | 70 | 22 |
Flooding System | Incremental Oil Recovery (%) | Ref |
---|---|---|
Weak gel flooding after polymer flooding | 18 | Di et al. [39] |
ASP flooding after polymer flooding | 19 | Wang et al. [16] |
Heterogeneous combination flooding after polymer flooding | 25 | Wang et al. [16] |
HPC flooding after polymer flooding | 14 | Zhang et al. [40] |
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Long, Y.; Zhang, C.; Yin, D.; Huang, T.; Zhang, H.; Yue, M.; Huang, X. Rheological Properties of Weak Gel System Cross-Linked from Chromium Acetate and Polyacrylamide and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery After Polymer Flooding for Heterogeneous Reservoir. Gels 2024, 10, 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120784
Long Y, Zhang C, Yin D, Huang T, Zhang H, Yue M, Huang X. Rheological Properties of Weak Gel System Cross-Linked from Chromium Acetate and Polyacrylamide and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery After Polymer Flooding for Heterogeneous Reservoir. Gels. 2024; 10(12):784. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120784
Chicago/Turabian StyleLong, Yunqian, Chenkan Zhang, Dandan Yin, Tao Huang, Hailong Zhang, Ming Yue, and Xiaohe Huang. 2024. "Rheological Properties of Weak Gel System Cross-Linked from Chromium Acetate and Polyacrylamide and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery After Polymer Flooding for Heterogeneous Reservoir" Gels 10, no. 12: 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120784
APA StyleLong, Y., Zhang, C., Yin, D., Huang, T., Zhang, H., Yue, M., & Huang, X. (2024). Rheological Properties of Weak Gel System Cross-Linked from Chromium Acetate and Polyacrylamide and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery After Polymer Flooding for Heterogeneous Reservoir. Gels, 10(12), 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120784