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Article

Ena Proteins Respond to PacC-Mediated pH Signaling Pathway and Play a Crucial Role in Patulin Biosynthesis

by
Ruiling Zhuo
1,2,3,
Yong Chen
1,2,
Mengyang Xing
1,2,3,
Zhanquan Zhang
1,2,
Shiping Tian
1,2,3 and
Boqiang Li
1,2,4,*
1
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
2
China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4
Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2023, 9(8), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080806
Submission received: 28 June 2023 / Revised: 28 July 2023 / Accepted: 28 July 2023 / Published: 30 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation and Control of Fruit and Vegetable Rot Fungi)
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Abstract

Penicillium expansum is a main producer of patulin that causes severe postharvest decay and food safety issues in the fruit industry. Development, pathogenicity, and patulin production of P. expansum are strongly influenced by the PacC-pH signaling pathway. Global transcription factor PacC regulates various fungal biological processes through a complicated molecular network. In the present study, three Ena family genes (PeEnas), PeEnaA, PeEnaB, and PeEnaC, as important downstream targets of PePacC, were identified in P. expansum. Deletion of PeEnaA, PeEnaB, and PeEnaC showed little effect on mycelial growth under alkaline or high salinity conditions, but double and triple deletion of these genes impaired the virulence of P. expansum on apple fruit. Notably, patulin biosynthesis of P. expansum was distinctly inhibited in the deletion mutants of PeEnas. PeEnas regulated expressions of the patulin gene cluster, AP1, CreA, Sge1, and Hog1 at the transcriptional level and played roles in maintaining membrane potential. Overexpression of PeEnaC in ΔPePacC restored the patulin production defect of ΔPePacC. Our results indicated that, as downstream targets of PePacC, the PeEna family proteins play a crucial role in patulin biosynthesis in P. expansum.
Keywords: Ena family; fruit; mycotoxin; Penicillium expansum; blue mold Ena family; fruit; mycotoxin; Penicillium expansum; blue mold

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhuo, R.; Chen, Y.; Xing, M.; Zhang, Z.; Tian, S.; Li, B. Ena Proteins Respond to PacC-Mediated pH Signaling Pathway and Play a Crucial Role in Patulin Biosynthesis. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080806

AMA Style

Zhuo R, Chen Y, Xing M, Zhang Z, Tian S, Li B. Ena Proteins Respond to PacC-Mediated pH Signaling Pathway and Play a Crucial Role in Patulin Biosynthesis. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(8):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080806

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuo, Ruiling, Yong Chen, Mengyang Xing, Zhanquan Zhang, Shiping Tian, and Boqiang Li. 2023. "Ena Proteins Respond to PacC-Mediated pH Signaling Pathway and Play a Crucial Role in Patulin Biosynthesis" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 8: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080806

APA Style

Zhuo, R., Chen, Y., Xing, M., Zhang, Z., Tian, S., & Li, B. (2023). Ena Proteins Respond to PacC-Mediated pH Signaling Pathway and Play a Crucial Role in Patulin Biosynthesis. Journal of Fungi, 9(8), 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080806

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