Risk Assessment of the Wild Edible Leccinum Mushrooms Consumption According to the Total Mercury Content
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Areas, Sampling and Sample Preparation
2.2. Sample Analysis
2.3. Risk Assessment
2.3.1. Contamination Factor ()
2.3.2. Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF) and Translocation Quotient (Qc/s)
2.3.3. Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI)
2.3.4. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Soil/Substrate Samples Analysis
3.2. Mercury Concentration in Fruiting Bodies
3.3. Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF) and the Translocation Quotient (Qc/s)
3.4. Health Risk Assessment
Percentage of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (%PTWI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locality | L. albostipitatum | L. piceinum | L. pseudoscabrum | L. scabrum |
---|---|---|---|---|
Badín | 10 | |||
Dubodiel | 12 | |||
Kendice | 19 | |||
Kostoľany p/Tribečom | 15 | |||
Králiky | 17 | |||
Levočské Lúky | 6 | 10 | ||
Malá Franková | 2 | 1 | 12 | |
Liptovská Lúžna | 18 | |||
Osrblie | 17 | |||
Osturňa | 9 | 2 | ||
Počúvadlianske Jazero | 12 | |||
Spišské Tomášovce | 10 | 6 | ||
Stráňany | 7 | 8 | ||
Špania Dolina | 17 | 7 | ||
Valčianska dolina | 18 | |||
Žakýlske pleso | 14 |
Locality | AVG ± SD | Min–Max | |
---|---|---|---|
Badín | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.09–0.15 | 2.10 |
Dubodiel | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.18–0.33 | 3.49 |
Kendice | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.04–0.18 | 1.34 |
Kostoľany p/Tribečom | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.05–0.18 | 1.11 |
Králiky | 0.05 ± 0.06 | 0.02–0.25 | 0.85 |
Levočské Lúky | 0.61 ± 0.12 | 0.38–0.81 | 10.1 |
Malá Franková | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.09–0.25 | 2.63 |
Liptovská Lúžna | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.15–0.23 | 3.80 |
Osrblie | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.02–0.09 | 0.77 |
Osturňa | 0.13 ± 0.21 | 0.06–0.81 | 2.10 |
Počúvadlianske Jazero | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.07–0.11 | 1.58 |
Spišské Tomášovce | 0.53 ± 0.27 | 0.02–0.85 | 8.76 |
Stráňany | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.09–0.16 | 2.43 |
Valčianska dolina | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.07–0.08 | 1.18 |
Špania Dolina | 0.30 ± 0.14 | 0.01–0.55 | 5.80 |
Žakýlske pleso | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.06–0.10 | 1.22 |
Locality | Cap | Stem | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
AVG ± SD | Min–Max | AVG ± SD | Min–Max | |
Badín | 0.97 ± 0.25 | 0.39–1.90 | 0.48 ± 0.18 | 0.13–0.62 |
Dubodiel | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.48–0.69 | 0.43 ± 0.08 | 0.26–0.56 |
Kendice | 0.62 ± 0.25 | 0.09–0.96 | 0.70 ± 0.37 | 0.16–1.55 |
Kostoľany p/Tribečom | 0.78 ± 0.43 | 0.27–1.66 | 0.60 ± 0.23 | 0.21–0.95 |
Králiky | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.08–0.27 | 0.20 ± 0.82 | 0.06–2.86 |
Levočské Lúky | 1.89 ± 2.60 | 0.89–8.99 | 1.18 ± 1.35 | 0.31–5.94 |
Malá Franková | 0.34 ± 0.51 | 0.1–1.97 | 0.22 ± 0.18 | 0.06–0.68 |
Liptovská Lúžna | 1.27 ± 0.41 | 0.78–2.13 | 0.97 ± 0.21 | 0.50–1.18 |
Osrblie | 0.71 ± 0.37 | 0.07–1.10 | 0.53 ± 0.25 | 0.05–0.87 |
Osturňa | 0.98 ± 0.95 | 0.02–3.15 | 0.53 ± 0.35 | 0.22–1.26 |
Počúvadlianske Jazero | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 0.27–0.38 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.28–0.36 |
Spišské Tomášovce | 5.82 ± 2.28 | 2.50–9.61 | 3.50 ± 1.23 | 0.48–4.43 |
Stráňany | 0.64 ± 0.90 | 0.32–3.26 | 0.44 ± 0.45 | 0.19–1.53 |
Valčianska dolina | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 0.47–0.56 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.29–0.58 |
Špania Dolina | 0.58 ± 0.23 | 0.28–1.80 | 0.34 ± 0.09 | 0.20–0.50 |
Žakýlske pleso | 0.41 ± 0.17 | 0.18–0.71 | 0.35 ± 0.14 | 0.12–0.64 |
Mushroom Species | BCF (Cap) | BCF (Stem) | p-Value | Qc/s |
---|---|---|---|---|
L. albostipitatum | 7.15 | 4.78 | <0.0001 | 1.59 |
L. piceinum | 4.27 | 3.35 | 0.0186 | 1.66 |
L. pseudoscabrum | 4.55 | 4.48 | 0.0230 | 1.18 |
L. scabrum | 3.79 | 2.61 | <0.0001 | 1.50 |
Locality | %PTWI | THQ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cap | Stem | Cap | Stem | |
Badín | 6.27 | 3.90 | 1.19 | 0.59 |
Dubodiel | 3.56 | 2.75 | 0.68 | 0.52 |
Kendice | 3.99 | 4.50 | 0.76 | 0.86 |
Kostoľany p/Tribečom | 5.40 | 3.87 | 0.96 | 0.74 |
Králiky | 1.40 | 1.27 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
Levočské Lúky | 12.1 | 7.62 | 2.31 | 1.45 |
Malá Franková | 2.16 | 1.41 | 0.41 | 0.27 |
Liptovská Lúžna | 8.20 | 6.21 | 1.56 | 1.18 |
Osrblie | 4.59 | 3.37 | 0.87 | 0.64 |
Osturňa | 6.33 | 3.38 | 1.20 | 0.64 |
Počúvadlianske Jazero | 2.31 | 2.70 | 0.44 | 0.39 |
Spišské Tomášovce | 37.4 | 19.6 | 7.13 | 3.74 |
Stráňany | 4.14 | 2.83 | 0.79 | 0.54 |
Valčianska dolina | 3.32 | 2.57 | 0.63 | 0.49 |
Špania Dolina | 3.72 | 2.18 | 0.71 | 0.41 |
Žakýlske pleso | 2.61 | 2.26 | 0.50 | 0.43 |
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Šnirc, M.; Jančo, I.; Hauptvogl, M.; Jakabová, S.; Demková, L.; Árvay, J. Risk Assessment of the Wild Edible Leccinum Mushrooms Consumption According to the Total Mercury Content. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030287
Šnirc M, Jančo I, Hauptvogl M, Jakabová S, Demková L, Árvay J. Risk Assessment of the Wild Edible Leccinum Mushrooms Consumption According to the Total Mercury Content. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(3):287. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030287
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠnirc, Marek, Ivona Jančo, Martin Hauptvogl, Silvia Jakabová, Lenka Demková, and Július Árvay. 2023. "Risk Assessment of the Wild Edible Leccinum Mushrooms Consumption According to the Total Mercury Content" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 3: 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030287