Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Cultivation Performance Assessment in Tremella fuciformis Liquid Inoculum

Lin, Hui; Xiong, Qi; Huang, Wenxuan; Dai, Xinghua; Yang, Yingxi; Huang, Wenlin; Lai, Shufang; Sun, Shujing; Zhang, Liaoyuan

doi:10.3390/jof11120825

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Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Cultivation Performance Assessment in Tremella fuciformis Liquid Inoculum

by

Hui Lin

^1,†,

Qi Xiong

^1,†,

Wenxuan Huang

¹,

Xinghua Dai

¹,

Yingxi Yang

¹,

Wenlin Huang

¹,

Shufang Lai

²,

Shujing Sun

^1,*

and

Liaoyuan Zhang

^1,*

¹

Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

²

Fujian Edible Fungus Technology Promotion General Station, Fuzhou 350002, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contribute equally to this work.

J. Fungi 2025, 11(12), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120825 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 31 October 2025 / Revised: 19 November 2025 / Accepted: 20 November 2025 / Published: 22 November 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress on Edible Fungi)

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Abstract

Liquid inoculum is widely adopted in the mushroom industry, yet preparing Tremella fuciformis liquid inoculum remains challenging due to its complex microbial community and dimorphic growth. This study aimed to establish a reliable protocol for T. fuciformis liquid inoculum and assess its practical application. Initially, liquefied spawn was produced by liquefying solid spawn. The application of standard liquefied spawn increased fruiting body yield by 8.2% (502.4 g/kg dry substrate) compared to solid spawn, but exhibited substantial batch-to-batch variation due to unstable microbial communities and low Tremellomycetes abundance. To address these limitations, liquid spawn was developed via pre-culture of pure T. fuciformis and Annulohypoxylon stygium mycelia. Cultivation tests demonstrated significantly enhanced performance with 608.2 g of fruiting bodies, which represented 11.1% improvement compared to solid spawn. Moreover, consistent yields could be observed across multiple batches. This stability was attributed to stable microbial community structure and the dominance of Tremellomycetes (abundance > 50%) in the fungal community. These results confirm the cultivation performance of T. fuciformis liquid spawn, highlighting its potential as an effective alternative to solid spawn for T. fuciformis industrial production.

Keywords: Annulohypoxylon stygium; liquefied spawn; liquid spawn; practical application evaluation; quality dynamics; fruiting body yield

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, H.; Xiong, Q.; Huang, W.; Dai, X.; Yang, Y.; Huang, W.; Lai, S.; Sun, S.; Zhang, L. Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Cultivation Performance Assessment in Tremella fuciformis Liquid Inoculum. J. Fungi 2025, 11, 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120825

AMA Style

Lin H, Xiong Q, Huang W, Dai X, Yang Y, Huang W, Lai S, Sun S, Zhang L. Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Cultivation Performance Assessment in Tremella fuciformis Liquid Inoculum. Journal of Fungi. 2025; 11(12):825. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120825

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Hui, Qi Xiong, Wenxuan Huang, Xinghua Dai, Yingxi Yang, Wenlin Huang, Shufang Lai, Shujing Sun, and Liaoyuan Zhang. 2025. "Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Cultivation Performance Assessment in Tremella fuciformis Liquid Inoculum" Journal of Fungi 11, no. 12: 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120825

APA Style

Lin, H., Xiong, Q., Huang, W., Dai, X., Yang, Y., Huang, W., Lai, S., Sun, S., & Zhang, L. (2025). Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Cultivation Performance Assessment in Tremella fuciformis Liquid Inoculum. Journal of Fungi, 11(12), 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120825

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Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Cultivation Performance Assessment in Tremella fuciformis Liquid Inoculum

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