Understanding the Application of Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Patients with Heart Failure Considered for CRT
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Heart Failure
3. Pre-Prospect Trial
3.1. Interventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony
3.2. M-Mode
3.3. Tissue Doppler Imaging (TD1)-Based Opposing Wall Delay (OWD) Methods
4. PROSPECT Trial
5. Post-PROSPECT Trial
6. EchoCRT Trial
7. Post-EchoCRT Trial: Meaning of Mechanical Dyssynchrony
7.1. LBBB Cardiomyopathy
7.2. Typical LBBB Contraction Pattern
7.3. Septal Flash and Apical Rocking
8. LV Lead Positioning and Latest Site of Activation
9. AV and VV Delay Optimization
9.1. AV Delay
9.2. VV Delay
10. Dyssynchrony Post-CRT
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dutta, A.; Alqabbani, R.R.M.; Hagendorff, A.; Tayal, B. Understanding the Application of Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Patients with Heart Failure Considered for CRT. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020064
Dutta A, Alqabbani RRM, Hagendorff A, Tayal B. Understanding the Application of Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Patients with Heart Failure Considered for CRT. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2024; 11(2):64. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020064
Chicago/Turabian StyleDutta, Abhishek, Rakan Radwan M. Alqabbani, Andreas Hagendorff, and Bhupendar Tayal. 2024. "Understanding the Application of Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Patients with Heart Failure Considered for CRT" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 11, no. 2: 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11020064