Campylobacter spp. in Eggs and Laying Hens in the North-East of Tunisia: High Prevalence and Multidrug-Resistance Phenotypes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Isolation of Campylobacter
2.3. Identification of Thermotolerant Campylobacter
2.4. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Occurrence of Campylobacter in Layer Hens and Eggshell Samples
3.2. Antimicrobial Susceptibility
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genes | Primer Sequences 5’–3’ | Tm (°C) | Size (pb) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
ARNr 16S | F: GGATGACACTTTTCGGAGC R: CATTGTAGCACGTGTGTC | 52 | 816 | Linton et al., (1996) |
mapA | F: CTATTTTATTTTTGAGTGCTTGTG R: GCTTTATTTGCCATTTGTTTTATTA | 52 | 589 | Stucki et al., (1995) |
ceuE | F: ATTGAAAATTGCTCCAACTATG R: GATTTTATTATTTGTAGCAGCG | 52 | 462 | Gonzalez et al., (1997) |
Antibiotic Classes | Antibiotics | Sensitivity | Resistance | C. jejuni (n = 106) | C. coli (n = 49) | Total (n = 155) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(≥S) | (R<) | (%) | (%) | (%) | ||
β-lactams | Ampicillin | 19 | 14 | 80 | 98 * | 85.8 |
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 19 | 14 | 43 * | 18 | 35.5 | |
Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin | 26 | 26 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Nalidixic Acid | 19 | 14 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
Macrolides | Erythromycin | 20 | 20 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Tetracyclines | Tetracycline | 30 | 30 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Phenicols | Chloramphenicol | 17 | 17 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Aminoglycosides | Gentamicin | 17 | 17 | 1.9 | 0 | 1 |
Multidrug Resistance Profiles | C. jejuni | C. coli | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 106) % | (n = 49) % | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | (%) | |
AM-AMC-NAL-CIP-ERI-TET-CHL | 58 | 55% | 9 | 18% | 67 | 43.22% |
AM-NAL-CIP-ERI-TET-CHL | 20 | 19% | 40 | 82% | 60 | 38.7% |
AM-CIP-ERI-TET-CHL | 10 | 9% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 6.45% |
NAL-CIP-ERI-TET-CHL | 12 | 11% | 0 | 0% | 12 | 7.74% |
AM-ERI-TET-CHL | 6 | 6% | 0 | 0% | 6 | 3.87% |
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Gharbi, M.; Béjaoui, A.; Ben Hamda, C.; Alaya, N.; Hamrouni, S.; Bessoussa, G.; Ghram, A.; Maaroufi, A. Campylobacter spp. in Eggs and Laying Hens in the North-East of Tunisia: High Prevalence and Multidrug-Resistance Phenotypes. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030108
Gharbi M, Béjaoui A, Ben Hamda C, Alaya N, Hamrouni S, Bessoussa G, Ghram A, Maaroufi A. Campylobacter spp. in Eggs and Laying Hens in the North-East of Tunisia: High Prevalence and Multidrug-Resistance Phenotypes. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(3):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030108
Chicago/Turabian StyleGharbi, Manel, Awatef Béjaoui, Cherif Ben Hamda, Narjes Alaya, Safa Hamrouni, Ghaith Bessoussa, Abdeljelil Ghram, and Abderrazak Maaroufi. 2022. "Campylobacter spp. in Eggs and Laying Hens in the North-East of Tunisia: High Prevalence and Multidrug-Resistance Phenotypes" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 3: 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030108