The Role of Thiamine and Effects of Deficiency in Dogs and Cats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Dietary Thiamine Requirements in Dogs and Cats
3. Thiamine Status in Healthy Dogs and Cats
3.1. Indirect Methods to Assess Thiamine Status
3.2. Direct Methods to Assess Thiamine Status
3.3. Thiamine Reference Range in Dogs and Cats
4. Thiamine Deficiency in Dogs and Cats
4.1. Prevalence of Thiamine Deficiency
4.2. Risk Factors and Etiology of Thiamine Deficiency
4.2.1. Inadequate Dietary Thiamine Intake
4.2.2. Inadequate Thiamine Uptake
4.2.3. Excessive Thiamine Excretion
4.3. Clinical Signs of Thiamine Deficiency
4.4. Diagnosis of Thiamine Deficiency
4.5. Treatment of Thiamine Deficiency
4.6. Prognosis and Outcome of Thiamine Deficiency
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organization | Nutritional Basis | Species | Minimum Adequate Intake | Minimum Recommended Allowance |
---|---|---|---|---|
NRC [12] | DM Basis 1 (mg/kg DMB) | Cats | 4.4 | 5.6 |
Dogs | 1.8 | 2.25 | ||
Caloric Basis (mg/1000 kcal ME) | Cats | 1.1 | 1.4 | |
Dogs | 0.45 | 0.56 | ||
Metabolic Body Weight | Cats 2 (mg/kg0.67) | 0.11 | 0.14 | |
Dogs (mg/kg0.75) | 0.059 | 0.074 | ||
AAFCO [13] | DM Basis 1 (mg/kg DMB) | Cats | -- | 5.6 |
Dogs | -- | 2.25 | ||
Caloric Basis (mg/1000 kcal ME) | Cats | -- | 1.4 | |
Dogs | -- | 0.56 | ||
FEDIAF [14] | DM Basis 1 (mg/kg DMB) | Cats | -- | 4.4 3 |
5.9 4 | ||||
Dogs | -- | 2.1 5 | ||
2.5 6 | ||||
Caloric Basis (mg/1000 kcal ME) | Cats | -- | 1.10 3 | |
1.47 4 | ||||
Dogs | -- | 0.54 5 | ||
0.62 6 |
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Kritikos, G.; Parr, J.M.; Verbrugghe, A. The Role of Thiamine and Effects of Deficiency in Dogs and Cats. Vet. Sci. 2017, 4, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4040059
Kritikos G, Parr JM, Verbrugghe A. The Role of Thiamine and Effects of Deficiency in Dogs and Cats. Veterinary Sciences. 2017; 4(4):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4040059
Chicago/Turabian StyleKritikos, Georgia, Jacqueline M. Parr, and Adronie Verbrugghe. 2017. "The Role of Thiamine and Effects of Deficiency in Dogs and Cats" Veterinary Sciences 4, no. 4: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4040059