Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Coronary Artery Embryology and Anatomy
3. Prevalence and Categorization of Coronary Artery Anomalies
Veterinary Reports of Coronary Artery Anomalies
4. Anomalies of Coronary Origin and Course
4.1. Anomalous Origin from the Aorta
4.2. Anomalous Origin from the Pulmonary Trunk
5. Coronary Arterial Fistulae
6. Coronary Artery Aneurysm
7. Myocardial Bridging of Epicardial Coronary Arteries
8. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Major Coronary Artery Anomalies |
Anomalous origin from the pulmonary artery |
Left coronary artery from PA a,b |
Right coronary artery from PA |
Both coronary arteries from PA |
Coronary cameral fistula |
Draining to RV b,c |
Draining to RA |
Draining to LV b |
Draining to LA |
Coronary to pulmonary arterial shunt a,b |
Congenital atresia of the LCA |
Minor Coronary Artery Anomalies |
Anomalous origin from the aorta |
Origin of LCA from right aortic sinus a,b,d |
Origin of RCA from left aortic sinus a,e |
Origin of paraconal branch from right aortic sinus a |
Origin of paraconal branch from RCA |
Origin of circumflex branch from right aortic sinus a |
Origin of circumflex branch from RCA |
Single coronary artery |
Single left coronary artery |
Single right coronary artery |
Inverted coronary arteries |
Other anomalous aortic origin a |
Anomalous epicardial course |
Prepulmonary course a,b,d,* |
Interarterial course a,b,d |
Transseptal course a |
Retroaortic course a |
Duplication of a coronary artery |
Duplication of paraconal branch |
Duplication of circumflex branch |
Duplication of RCA |
Multiple ostia within left aortic sinus a |
Multiple ostia within right aortic sinus a |
High take-off coronary artery a |
Coronary artery aneurysm a |
Myocardial bridging of an epicardial coronary artery a,e |
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Scansen, B.A. Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals. Vet. Sci. 2017, 4, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4020020
Scansen BA. Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals. Veterinary Sciences. 2017; 4(2):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4020020
Chicago/Turabian StyleScansen, Brian A. 2017. "Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals" Veterinary Sciences 4, no. 2: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4020020
APA StyleScansen, B. A. (2017). Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals. Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4020020