Identification and Characterization of Canine Parvoviruses and Emergence of Canine Bocavirus and Bufavirus from Diarrheic Dogs in Sichuan Province, China

Liu, Siyu; Li, Xiaoqi; Zhou, Yuxin; Song, Shuangshuang; Huang, Yuyan; Che, Mengjie; Lei, Xin; Laghari, Iram; Wu, Mingyue; Han, Ruilin; Liu, Haifeng; Zhou, Ziyao; Peng, Guangneng; Zhang, Kun; Zhong, Zhijun

doi:10.3390/vetsci13010041

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Identification and Characterization of Canine Parvoviruses and Emergence of Canine Bocavirus and Bufavirus from Diarrheic Dogs in Sichuan Province, China

by

Siyu Liu

^†,

Xiaoqi Li

^†,

Yuxin Zhou

^†,

Shuangshuang Song

,

Yuyan Huang

,

Mengjie Che

,

Xin Lei

,

Iram Laghari

,

Mingyue Wu

,

Ruilin Han

,

Haifeng Liu

,

Ziyao Zhou

,

Guangneng Peng

,

Kun Zhang

and

Zhijun Zhong

^*

Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010041

Submission received: 26 November 2025 / Revised: 25 December 2025 / Accepted: 30 December 2025 / Published: 2 January 2026

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Therapy in Companion Animals—2nd Edition)

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Abstract

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the primary cause of viral enteritis in dogs, while canine bocavirus (CBoV) and canine bufavirus (CBuV) have emerged as significant components of the canine enteric virome. Previous studies on CPV in Sichuan had limited geographic coverage and sample size, and lacked data on CBoV and CBuV. This study used PCR to investigate the genetic diversity of CPV, CBoV and CBuV and to examine their co-infection status in diarrheic dogs across five regions of Sichuan between 2020 and 2022. The results revealed that CPV-2 was the most prevalent virus (33.3%, 48/144), while CBoV (5.56%, 8/144) and CBuV (4.17%, 6/144) were detected for the first time in Sichuan province. Genetic analysis revealed CPV-2c to be the predominant genotype (95.8% (46/48)), replacing the previously circulating strains CPV-2a and CPV-new 2a. The study also identified several typical and novel mutations in the VP2 protein in the CPV-2c strains, including Ala5Gly, Trp214Cys and Thr440Ala. Additionally, four co-infection cases (2.78%) were observed, including a triple CPV/CBoV/CBuV infection in Xichang (XC05). Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic diversity, with CBoV strains clustering into CBoV-1 and CBoV-2 subspecies, while CBuV strains formed two distinct clusters. Our findings emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of the dynamic epidemiological situation of CPV, CBoV and CBuV in Sichuan Province.

Keywords: canine parvovirus; canine bocavirus; canine bufavirus; VP2; phylogenetic analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, S.; Li, X.; Zhou, Y.; Song, S.; Huang, Y.; Che, M.; Lei, X.; Laghari, I.; Wu, M.; Han, R.; et al. Identification and Characterization of Canine Parvoviruses and Emergence of Canine Bocavirus and Bufavirus from Diarrheic Dogs in Sichuan Province, China. Vet. Sci. 2026, 13, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010041

AMA Style

Liu S, Li X, Zhou Y, Song S, Huang Y, Che M, Lei X, Laghari I, Wu M, Han R, et al. Identification and Characterization of Canine Parvoviruses and Emergence of Canine Bocavirus and Bufavirus from Diarrheic Dogs in Sichuan Province, China. Veterinary Sciences. 2026; 13(1):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010041

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Siyu, Xiaoqi Li, Yuxin Zhou, Shuangshuang Song, Yuyan Huang, Mengjie Che, Xin Lei, Iram Laghari, Mingyue Wu, Ruilin Han, and et al. 2026. "Identification and Characterization of Canine Parvoviruses and Emergence of Canine Bocavirus and Bufavirus from Diarrheic Dogs in Sichuan Province, China" Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 1: 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010041

APA Style

Liu, S., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Song, S., Huang, Y., Che, M., Lei, X., Laghari, I., Wu, M., Han, R., Liu, H., Zhou, Z., Peng, G., Zhang, K., & Zhong, Z. (2026). Identification and Characterization of Canine Parvoviruses and Emergence of Canine Bocavirus and Bufavirus from Diarrheic Dogs in Sichuan Province, China. Veterinary Sciences, 13(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010041

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Identification and Characterization of Canine Parvoviruses and Emergence of Canine Bocavirus and Bufavirus from Diarrheic Dogs in Sichuan Province, China

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