Molecular Epidemic Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Henan, China
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection and Processing
2.2. DNA Extraction and PCR Detection of PCV2
2.3. Amplification and Sequencing of Complete Genome of PCV2 Strains
2.4. Sequence Comparison and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.5. Rates of Substitution
3. Results
3.1. The Frequency of PCV2 in Different Regions During 2020 and 2023
3.2. Genome Sequence Analysis of PCV2
3.3. Phylogenetic Analysis of PCV2 Strains
3.4. Mutation Analysis of Cap Proteins
3.5. Rates of Substitution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Sequence (5′−3′) | Length | Annealing Temperature | Purpose |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCV2-F | CTGTTTTCGAACGCAGTGCC | 486 bp | 56 °C | Detection of PCV2 [36] |
PCV2-R | GCATCTTCAACACCCGCCT | |||
PCV2-C-F | CGGGGTACCACTGAGTCTTTTTTATCACTTCG | 1767–1768 bp | 58 °C | PCV2 whole-genome amplification [37] |
PCV2-C-R | CCCAAGCTTAAGACTCAGTAATTTATTTCATATGG |
Region | No. of Tested Samples | No. of PCV2 Positive Samples | Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Anyang | 38 | 30 | 78.95% |
Puyang | 16 | 12 | 75.00% |
Hebi | 8 | 5 | 62.50% |
Xinxiang | 36 | 28 | 77.78% |
Jiaozuo | 24 | 15 | 62.50% |
Jiyuan | 9 | 6 | 66.67% |
Zhenzhou | 11 | 7 | 63.64% |
Kaifeng | 27 | 20 | 74.07% |
Shangqiu | 22 | 16 | 72.73% |
Zhoukou | 29 | 23 | 79.31% |
Xuchang | 19 | 12 | 63.16% |
Luohe | 15 | 10 | 66.67% |
Zhumadian | 32 | 27 | 84.38% |
Pingdingshan | 21 | 14 | 66.67% |
Nanyang | 26 | 16 | 61.54% |
Luoyang | 18 | 12 | 66.67% |
Sanmenxia | 18 | 10 | 55.56% |
Xinyang | 16 | 11 | 68.75% |
Total | 385 | 274 | 71.17% |
Strain | Collection Year | Isolation Origin | Genotype | Accession No. | Length (nt) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HNZK-2020 | 2020 | Zhoukou, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749408 | 1767 |
HNXX-1-2020 | 2020 | Xinxiang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749409 | 1767 |
HNNY-2020 | 2020 | Nanyang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749410 | 1767 |
HNJZ-2020 | 2020 | Jiaozuo, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749411 | 1767 |
HNXC-2020 | 2020 | Xuchang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749412 | 1767 |
HNAY-1-2020 | 2020 | Anyang, Henan | PCV2a | OQ749413 | 1767 |
HNXX-2-2020 | 2020 | Xinxiang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749414 | 1767 |
HNHB-2020 | 2020 | Hebi, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749415 | 1767 |
HNAY-2-2020 | 2020 | Anyang, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749416 | 1767 |
HNJY-2020 | 2020 | Jiyuan, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749417 | 1767 |
HNAY-2021 | 2021 | Anyang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749418 | 1767 |
HNZZ-2021 | 2021 | Zhengzhou, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749419 | 1767 |
HNPDS-2021 | 2021 | Pingdingshan, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749420 | 1767 |
HNSQ-2021 | 2021 | Shangqiu, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749421 | 1767 |
HNLH-2021 | 2021 | Luohe, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749422 | 1767 |
HNNY-2021 | 2021 | Nanyang, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749423 | 1767 |
HNZMD-2021 | 2021 | Zhumadian, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749424 | 1767 |
HNSMX-2021 | 2021 | Sanmenxia, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749425 | 1767 |
HNXX-2022 | 2022 | Xinxiang, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749426 | 1767 |
HNAY-2022 | 2022 | Anyang, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749427 | 1767 |
HNXY-2022 | 2022 | Xinyang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749428 | 1767 |
HNXC-2022 | 2022 | Xuchang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749429 | 1767 |
HNLY-2022 | 2022 | Luoyang, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749430 | 1767 |
HNNY-2022 | 2022 | Nanyang, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749431 | 1767 |
HNFQ-2022 | 2022 | Xinxiang, Henan | PCV2b | OQ749432 | 1767 |
HNLY-2022 | 2022 | Luoyang, Henan | PCV2d | OQ749433 | 1767 |
HNJZ-2023 | 2023 | Jiaozuo, Henan | PCV2d | OR114683 | 1767 |
HNZMD-2023 | 2023 | Zhumadian, Henan | PCV2d | OR114684 | 1767 |
HNXC-2023 | 2023 | Xuchang, Henan | PCV2d | OR114685 | 1767 |
HNSQ-2023 | 2023 | Shangqiu, Henan | PCV2d | OR114686 | 1767 |
HNNY-2023 | 2023 | Nanyang, Henan | PCV2b | OR114687 | 1767 |
HNAY-1-2023 | 2023 | Anyang, Henan | PCV2d | OR114688 | 1767 |
HNSMX-2023 | 2023 | Sanmenxia, Henan | PCV2a | OR114689 | 1767 |
HNAY-2-2023 | 2023 | Anyang, Henan | PCV2d | OR114690 | 1767 |
Position | PCV2a | PCV2b | PCV2d | Position | PCV2a | PCV2b | PCV2d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | F | F(1/12/Y(11/12) | F(16/20)/Y(4/20) | 121 | S | S | T |
47 | A | T | T | 131 | M | T | T |
53 | F | F(11/12)/I(1/12) | I | 133 | V | A | A |
57 | V | I | V | 134 | P | T | N |
59 | A | K(11/12)/R(1/12) | K | 136 | Q | L | L |
63 | S | K(1/12)/R(11/12) | R | 151 | P | T | T |
68 | S | A | N | 169 | S | S(11/12)/C(1/12) | R(3/20)/G(17/20) |
73 | L | M | M | 185 | M | L | L |
77 | L | I | I | 190 | S | A(1/12)/T(11/12) | T |
78 | D | N | N | 191 | R | G | G |
80 | V | L | L | 206 | T/K | I | I |
86 | T | S | S | 210 | D | E | D |
88 | K | P | P | 215 | V | V | I |
89 | I | R(11/12)/L(1/12) | L | 232 | N | N | N |
90 | S | S | T | 234 | K | K(1/12)/(11/12) | K |
91 | I | V | V |
PCV2 Genotype | Mean Rate of Substitution (Substitution/site/year) | 95% Highest Posterior Density | Effective Sample Size |
---|---|---|---|
PCV2a | 4.658 × 10−4 | 8.643 × 10−4 | 245,643 |
PCV2b | 6.476 × 10−4 | 1.063 × 10−3 | 254,638 |
PCV2d | 2.127 × 10−3 | 2.853 × 10−3 | 67,627 |
Combined analysis for all genotypes | 1.098 × 10−3 | 1.381 × 10−3 | 81,829 |
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Peng, Z.; Lv, H.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, L.; Li, H.; He, Y.; Zhao, K.; Qiao, H.; Song, Y.; Bian, C. Molecular Epidemic Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Henan, China. Vet. Sci. 2025, 12, 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040343
Peng Z, Lv H, Zhang H, Zhao L, Li H, He Y, Zhao K, Qiao H, Song Y, Bian C. Molecular Epidemic Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Henan, China. Veterinary Sciences. 2025; 12(4):343. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040343
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng, Zhifeng, Huifang Lv, Han Zhang, Li Zhao, Huawei Li, Yanyu He, Kangdi Zhao, Hongxing Qiao, Yuzhen Song, and Chuanzhou Bian. 2025. "Molecular Epidemic Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Henan, China" Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 4: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040343
APA StylePeng, Z., Lv, H., Zhang, H., Zhao, L., Li, H., He, Y., Zhao, K., Qiao, H., Song, Y., & Bian, C. (2025). Molecular Epidemic Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Henan, China. Veterinary Sciences, 12(4), 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040343