Fruit Juice Consumption, Body Mass Index, and Adolescent Diet Quality in a Biracial Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Dietary Intake
2.3. Diet Quality
2.4. Body Mass Index (BMI)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intake of 100% Fruit Juice at Baseline | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 Cups | >0–<0.5 Cup | 0.5–<1.0 Cup | ≥1.0 Cup | ||
n = 535 | n = 745 | n = 431 | n = 210 | ||
Mean ± s.d. | p-trend | ||||
Age (years) | 10.5 ± 0.57 | 10.3 ± 0.47 | 10.3 ± 0.48 | 10.3 ± 0.50 | <0.0001 |
Height (meters) | 1.43 ± 0.07 | 1.42 ± 0.07 | 1.43 ± 0.07 | 1.44 ± 0.07 | 0.0275 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 19.0 ± 4.0 | 18.9 ± 3.7 | 18.4 ± 3.7 | 18.7 ± 3.7 | 0.1396 |
Body fat (%) | 24.9 ± 7.2 | 24.6 ± 7.3 | 23.9 ± 6.7 | 23.9 ± 7.0 | 0.1163 |
Energy (kcals/day) | 1791 ± 463 | 1809 ± 454 | 1903 ± 444 | 2033 ± 459 | <0.0001 |
Protein (% of energy) | 14.6 ± 2.8 | 14.3 ± 2.5 | 13.9 ± 2.5 | 13.8 ± 2.3 | <0.0001 |
Total fat (% of energy) | 36.5 ± 5.3 | 36.3 ± 4.8 | 35.0 ± 4.9 | 33.5 ± 4.5 | <0.0001 |
Carbohydrates (% of energy) | 50.0 ± 6.7 | 50.5 ± 5.9 | 52.2 ± 6.1 | 54.0 ± 5.4 | <0.0001 |
Calcium (mg/day) | 806 ± 297 | 798 ± 284 | 799 ± 281 | 844 ± 310 | 0.2547 |
Potassium (mg/day) | 1942 ± 592 | 1964 ± 553 | 2146 ± 537 | 2513 ± 590 | <0.0001 |
Whole fruit (cup-equivalents/day) | 0.45 ± 0.60 | 0.49 ± 0.55 | 0.53 ± 0.56 | 0.65 ± 0.74 | 0.0009 |
100% fruit juice (cup-equivalents/day) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.26 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.14 | 1.37 ± 0.48 | <0.0001 |
Race (n, % white) | 263 (49%) | 363 (49%) | 215 (50%) | 95 (45%) | 0.9214 |
Socioeconomic status (n, % low) | 116 (22%) | 187 (25%) | 93 (22%) | 34 (16%) | 0.2357 |
All Subjects | White | Black | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit Juice Intake | N | Number (%) Meeting Guidelines | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
Intake Categories | Meeting the DGA for Total Fruit | |||||||
0 cups | 535 | 82 (15.3%) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
<0.5 cup | 745 | 137 (18.4%) | 1.25 | 0.92–1.68 | 1.58 | 1.06–2.35 | 0.9 | 0.56–1.43 |
0.5–<1.0 cup | 431 | 94 (21.8%) | 1.54 | 1.11–2.14 | 1.91 | 1.24–2.95 | 1.14 | 0.68–1.91 |
≥1.0 cups | 210 | 65 (31.0%) | 2.48 | 1.70–3.61 | 2.88 | 1.71–4.85 | 2.21 | 1.28–3.82 |
Intake Categories | ||||||||
0 cups | 535 | 82 (15.3%) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
>0–<0.75 cup | 1048 | 199 (19.0%) | 1.30 | 0.98–1.72 | 1.61 | 3.37–2.34 | 0.97 | 0.63–1.49 |
0.75–<1.25 cups | 229 | 59 (25.8%) | 1.92 | 1.31–2.80 | 2.45 | 1.49–4.05 | 1.38 | 0.76–2.51 |
≥1.25 cups | 109 | 38 (34.9%) | 2.96 | 1.87–4.68 | 3.37 | 1.75–6.49 | 2.74 | 1.43–5.27 |
Intake Categories | Meeting the DGA for Whole Fruit | |||||||
0 cups | 535 | 80 (15.0%) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
<0.5 cup | 745 | 120 (16.1%) | 1.09 | 0.80–1.49 | 1.27 | 0.86–1.89 | 0.86 | 0.52–1.42 |
0.5–<1.0 cup | 431 | 82 (19.0%) | 1.34 | 0.95–1.87 | 1.47 | 0.95–2.27 | 1.16 | 0.67–2.00 |
≥1.0 cup | 210 | 57 (27.1%) | 2.12 | 1.44–3.12 | 2.55 | 1.52–4.28 | 1.84 | 1.01–3.34 |
Intake Categories | ||||||||
0 cups | 535 | 80 (15.0%) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
>0–<0.75 cup | 1048 | 171 (16.3%) | 1.11 | 0.83–1.48 | 1.23 | 0.84–1.78 | 0.96 | 0.61–1.52 |
0.75–<1.25 cups | 229 | 55 (24.0%) | 1.80 | 1.22–2.64 | 2.45 | 1.50–4.01 | 1.08 | 0.55–2.11 |
≥1.25 cups | 109 | 33 (30.3%) | 2.47 | 1.54–3.96 | 2.62 | 1.35–5.08 | 2.54 | 1.27–5.07 |
All Girls * | White Girls | Black Girls | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Juice Intake | n | n = 2165 | n = 1052 | n = 1113 | |
Median | Mean ± s.e. | ||||
0 cups | 601 | 0 cups | 25.8 ± 0.26 | 24.4 ± 0.29 | 27.2 ± 0.42 |
>0–<.75 cup | 1187 | 0.33 cup | 25.1 ± 0.19 | 23.6 ± 0.21 | 26.4 ± 0.29 |
0.75–<1.25 cups | 257 | 0.94 cup | 24.7 ± 0.40 | 23.3 ± 0.45 | 26.0 ± 0.63 |
≥1.25 cups | 120 | 1.5 cups | 24.1 ± 0.58 | 22.2 ± 0.70 | 25.7 ± 0.87 |
p-trend | 0.0022 | 0.001 | 0.058 |
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Moore, L.L.; Zhou, X.; Wan, L.; Singer, M.R.; Bradlee, M.L.; Daniels, S.R. Fruit Juice Consumption, Body Mass Index, and Adolescent Diet Quality in a Biracial Cohort. Beverages 2023, 9, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9020042
Moore LL, Zhou X, Wan L, Singer MR, Bradlee ML, Daniels SR. Fruit Juice Consumption, Body Mass Index, and Adolescent Diet Quality in a Biracial Cohort. Beverages. 2023; 9(2):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9020042
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoore, Lynn L., Xinyi Zhou, Li Wan, Martha R. Singer, M. Loring Bradlee, and Stephen R. Daniels. 2023. "Fruit Juice Consumption, Body Mass Index, and Adolescent Diet Quality in a Biracial Cohort" Beverages 9, no. 2: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages9020042