Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) Improves Depression Symptoms in Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Overview
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Recruitment
2.3.2. Screening
2.3.3. Time #1
2.3.4. Intervention Period
IMMI
Waitlist
2.3.5. Time #2 and #3
2.4. Measures (in Alphabetical Order)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Recruitment
3.2. Participant Characteristics
3.3. Adherence
3.4. Participant Satisfaction
“I was dealing with the death of my mother just before starting this program. I realized that I was angry with her and myself. I know that the mindful practices helped me to see this. I was able to give myself and my mother’s memories more gentleness and more of an open heart and mind. Thank you!”
“I had surgery in the middle of my time. I was very fortunate that I was in the program. I did continue to keep up my meditation practice, though I got behind on the written work …. I am very glad I was chosen to participate and thank you for what you are trying to achieve. I believe the results will play a big part in the lives of older people.”
“My father died with me at his side in a local hospital two or three weeks into this program (i.e., in the middle), and my family immediately informed me that his house, where I had been living, needed to be emptied, vacated, and placed for sale within a month and a half. This set of circumstances, along with an apparently missing will, contributed to a break for my participation in this program.”
“My mom was recently diagnosed with advanced cancer, so I felt sadder than my norm the past two weeks. My answers to some questions may reflect that. Although, I believe mindfulness has helped with this as well.”
“During the time of the study my sister-in-law died and my son’s non-cancerous brain tumor has returned, so the program was especially helpful in sitting with difficult situations and compassion meditation.”
“It helped me appreciate few feelings felt during meditation in the past, and look positively for meditation.”
“I have become more focused on what I am doing instead of operating on “automatic Pilot” as I did so much of the time.”
“I was so pleased with how the program had so many types of meditation to choose from and I found a couple that suited me and I am able to continue the practice on my own. The tools I learned have helped me immensely in redirecting my energies to a more positive and healthy direction. Thank you.”
“There was a noticeable decrease in depressing thoughts and stressful times.”
“I feel my sleep issues have greatly improved and I am very grateful to have been able to be a part of this study! Thank you!”
“Listening to the guided meditations has become an everyday practice.”
“I’m happy to have incorporated mediation into my daily life.”
“The program met my goal of exploring again the benefits of meditative practice”.
“It was my fault that I wasn’t able to participate as fully as I would have liked. But I did gain some tools and insights.”
“I am the worst participant ever. Such good intentions gone bad over Thanksgiving and Christmas with extensive travel and 11 grandchildren and severe flu throughout.”
“I’ve done a MBSR workshop series (in 2001), have read Full Catastrophe Living several times and used to meditate similar to this program. So, the training videos were boring to me. I was hoping for something less rudimentary but it helped me to be reminded of techniques I’ve not recalled and to have the structure to bring these back into my life. I had a friend from Holland visit week 5 and that was a big commitment that made me skip a few days of meditation. Is it necessary to have the woman in the video repeat simple info over and over? That was annoying. Then the workbook said the same thing w/o much more elaboration so I felt like it was geared to a child rather than an intelligent educated adult.”
“online program glitches and voice microphone issues, audio, programming glitches, some aspects of program can be improved”
“The program seems kind of jumbled up. Maybe there needs to be bullet points of all the things you are supposed to do in the week. Maybe it was just the fire which made it difficult to get all the work done. The program definitely needs some work, not too user friendly if the material is new to the participant.”
“I appreciate your efforts, it did not impress me and it was confusing at times.”
“good ideas, a few practices that have been useful, but the actual session were too cumbersome, too much narration, not a calming presentation. the amount of verbal content became work to listen to. most similar audio programs are more subtle, mellow, etc.”
3.5. Mood and Related Symptoms
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary
4.2. Patient Characteristics
4.3. Adherence
4.4. Participant Satisfaction
4.5. Mood and Related Outcomes
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | IMMI (n = 26) | Waitlist (n = 24) | Statistics |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 48.6 ± 6.1 | 46.9 ± 6.3 | F(1, 49) = 0.95, p = 0.34 |
Gender (Female) | 21 (81%) | 19 (79%) | X2 = 0.02, p = 0.89 |
Race (Caucasian) | 21 (81%) | 21 (88%) | X2 = 1.92, p = 0.75 |
Relationship Couple | 13 (62%) | 8 (33%) | X2 = 3.98, p = 0.05 |
Single | 10 (38%) | 16 (67%) | |
Education (years) | 16.7 ± 2.9 | 16.7 ± 2.5 | F(1, 49) = 0.00, p = 0.97 |
Income $0–24,999 | 5 (19%) | 6(25%) | X2 = 5.6, p = 0.20 |
25,000–49,999 | 3 (12%) | 6(25%) | |
50,000–74,999 | 4 (15%) | 2 (8%) | |
75,000–99,999 | 3 (12%) | 6 (25%) | |
100,000 & up | 11 (42%) | 4 (17%) | |
Depression | 20.23 ± 7.8 | 22.5 ± 6.6 | F(1, 49) = 1.18, p = 0.28 |
mTICS | 38.2 ± 3.8 | 39.9 ± 3.5 | F(1, 49) = 2.11, p = 0.16 |
Outcome | IMMI | Waitlist | Statistics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time #1 | Time #2 | Time #1 | Time #2 | ||
Depression | 20.2 ± 7.8 | 15.1 ± 6.3 | 22.5 ± 6.6 | 22.5 ± 6.1 | F(1, 39) = 13.6, p < 0.00005 * |
Perceived Stress | 19.0 ± 6.2 | 13.4 ± 5.2 | 20.4 ± 5.0 | 19.0 ± 5.0 | F(1, 39) = 13.58, p = 0.0007 * |
Sleep Disturbance | 13.3 ± 6.3 | 9.3 ± 6.0 | 12.3 ± 4.5 | 12.9 ± 4.4 | F(1, 39) = 13.15, p = 0.0009 * |
Mindfulness | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | F(1, 39) = 1.19, p = 0.28 |
Pain Interference | 2.5 ± 2.6 | 1.4 ± 1.7 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 1.5 ± 1.5 | F(1, 39) = 2.49, p = 0.12 |
Pain Severity | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | F(1, 39) = 4.31, p = 0.05 * |
Resilience | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | F(1, 39) = 0.55, p = 0.46 |
Spirituality | 23.0 ± 7.5 | 24.6 ± 8.2 | 19.1 ± 6.8 | 19.8 ± 7.5 | F(1, 39) = 1.87, p = 0.18 |
Outcome | Before | After | Statistics |
---|---|---|---|
Depression | 22.8 ± 5 | 18.7 ± 6.6 | t(37) = 4.6, p = 0.0001 * |
Perceived Stress | 19 ± 5.7 | 14.1 ± 6 | t(37) = 4.27, p = 0.0001 * |
Sleep Disturbance | 13.1 ± 5.5 | 8.3 ± 5.8 | t(37) = 5.63, p < 0.00005 * |
Mindfulness | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | z(37) = 1.52, p = 0.13 |
Pain Interference | 2.1 ± 2.2 | 1.4 ± 1.8 | z(37) = 2.95, p = 0.003 * |
Pain Severity | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 1.5 ± 1.7 | z(37) = 1.74, p = 0.08 |
Resilience | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | z(37) = −1.12, p = 0.27 |
Spirituality | 21.6 ± 7.6 | 23.4 ± 8.4 | t(37) = −2.47, p = 0.018 * |
Outcome | Time #1 (n = 26) | Time #2 (n = 19) | Time #3 (n = 18) | Statistics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | 22.5 a ± 5.7 a | 18.5 a ± 5.2 | 18.6 ± 8.9 a | F(2, 62) = 5.95, p < 0.00005 * |
Perceived Stress | 19.0 d ± 6.2 d | 13.4 d ± 5.2 | 11.9 ± 6.1 d | F(2, 62) = 23.3, p < 0.00005 * |
Sleep Disturbance | 13.3 b ± 6.3 b | 9.3 b ± 6.0 | 9.3 ± 6.3 b | F(2, 62) = 9.22, p = 0.0006 * |
Mindfulness | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | F(2, 62) = 0.88, p = 0.42 |
Pain Interference | 2.5 b ± 2.6 | 1.4 b ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 2.5 | F(2, 62) = 4.83, p = 0.01 * |
Pain Severity | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 2.7 | F(2, 62) = 2.63, p = 0.09 |
Resilience | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | F(2, 62) = 3.05, p = 0.06 |
Spirituality | 23.0 b ± 7.5 | 24.6 ± 8.2 | 25.8 b ± 7.4 | F(2, 62) = 5.29, p = 0.0098 * |
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Wahbeh, H. Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) Improves Depression Symptoms in Older Adults. Medicines 2018, 5, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040119
Wahbeh H. Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) Improves Depression Symptoms in Older Adults. Medicines. 2018; 5(4):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040119
Chicago/Turabian StyleWahbeh, Helané. 2018. "Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) Improves Depression Symptoms in Older Adults" Medicines 5, no. 4: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040119