Roundup®, but Not Roundup-Ready® Corn, Increases Mortality of Drosophila melanogaster
by
Becky Talyn 1,*
, Rachael Lemon 2, Maryam Badoella 2, Darwin Melchiorre 3, Maryori Villalobos 2, Raquel Elias 2, Kelly Muller 4, Maggie Santos 2 and Erik Melchiorre 5
, Rachael Lemon 2, Maryam Badoella 2, Darwin Melchiorre 3, Maryori Villalobos 2, Raquel Elias 2, Kelly Muller 4, Maggie Santos 2 and Erik Melchiorre 5
1
College of Natural Science, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
2
Biology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
3
Canyon Kids Academy, 7883 Stewart Road, Colton, CA 92324, USA
4
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
5
Geology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2019, 7(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics7030038
Received: 26 June 2019 / Revised: 29 July 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2019 / Published: 31 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Ecotoxicology)
Genetically modified foods have become pervasive in diets of people living in the US. By far the most common genetically modified foods either tolerate herbicide application (HT) or produce endogenous insecticide (Bt). To determine whether these toxicological effects result from genetic modification per se, or from the increase in herbicide or insecticide residues present on the food, we exposed fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, to food containing HT corn that had been sprayed with the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup®, HT corn that had not been sprayed with Roundup®, or Roundup® in a variety of known glyphosate concentrations and formulations. While neither lifespan nor reproductive behaviors were affected by HT corn, addition of Roundup® increased mortality with an LC50 of 7.1 g/L for males and 11.4 g/L for females after 2 days of exposure. Given the many genetic tools available, Drosophila are an excellent model system for future studies about genetic and biochemical mechanisms of glyphosate toxicity.
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Keywords:
Roundup®; glyphosate; LC50; Drosophila melanogaster; herbicide tolerant; genetically modified food
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Talyn, B.; Lemon, R.; Badoella, M.; Melchiorre, D.; Villalobos, M.; Elias, R.; Muller, K.; Santos, M.; Melchiorre, E. Roundup®, but Not Roundup-Ready® Corn, Increases Mortality of Drosophila melanogaster. Toxics 2019, 7, 38.
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