Logistics

31 pages, 2620 KB

Open AccessArticle

Applying Technological Innovation in Logistics, Logistics Capability, and Lean Logistics for Improved Business and Market Performance in Serbia

by Stefan Ugrinov, Sanja Stanisavljev, Dragan Ćoćkalo, Mihalj Bakator, Edit Terek Stojanović and Mića Đurđev

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070167 - 22 Jul 2026

Viewed by 521

Abstract

Background: Technological innovation in logistics (TIL), logistics capability (LC), and lean logistics (LL) are receiving wider attention in logistics and supply chain research. They are often examined in separate models and less often in relation to both business performance (BP) and market [...] Read more.

Background: Technological innovation in logistics (TIL), logistics capability (LC), and lean logistics (LL) are receiving wider attention in logistics and supply chain research. They are often examined in separate models and less often in relation to both business performance (BP) and market performance (MP). Their joint effects on organizational performance remain insufficiently examined in previous research. Methods: This study examined the effects of TIL, LC, and LL on BP and MP through a quantitative survey conducted among enterprises in Serbia, a transition economy with limited empirical evidence on these relationships. Data from 129 valid responses were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and multicollinearity diagnostics. Results: The findings show that LC has a positive and significant effect on both BP and MP. LL has a positive and significant effect on BP, while TIL has a positive and significant effect on MP. The model explains a larger share of variance in BP than in MP. Conclusions: The results support a differentiated view of logistics transformation and indicate that BP and MP should be examined as related but distinct outcome dimensions. The study integrates TIL, LC, and LL within a unified performance framework. Full article

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27 pages, 1013 KB

Open AccessArticle

Tacit Networks as Informal Relational Logistics Support: Configurational Paths to Supply Chain Resilience in Ecuadorian Micro and Small Enterprises

by Gelmar García-Vidal, Laritza Guzmán-Vilar, Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez, Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar and Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070166 - 21 Jul 2026

Viewed by 279

Abstract

Background: Logistics and supply chain resilience research typically assumes access to formal infrastructure, including contracted fleets, warehouses, inventory systems, and institutionalized contingency mechanisms. Yet many micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in emerging economies operate without these resources, leaving their logistics practices underexplored. [...] Read more.

Background: Logistics and supply chain resilience research typically assumes access to formal infrastructure, including contracted fleets, warehouses, inventory systems, and institutionalized contingency mechanisms. Yet many micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in emerging economies operate without these resources, leaving their logistics practices underexplored. This study examines how informal MSEs sustain operational continuity and recover from disruptions through tacit relational support. Methods: Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was applied to 400 informal MSEs in Ecuador’s manufacturing, services, and commerce sectors. Tacit network structure was measured using four function-specific name generators covering transport, storage, contingency management, and informal financing. Operational resilience was assessed through order fulfillment rate and recovery time after disruption. Results: No relational-support domain was individually necessary for resilience. Six sufficient configurations were identified, with consistency values from 0.817 to 0.978 and solution coverage of 0.433. One configuration combined contingency-management and informal-financing ties despite low membership in transport and storage networks, indicating a compensatory relational pathway. Conclusions: Tacit personal networks are better understood as context-dependent relational logistics support systems than as substitutes for formal infrastructure. The findings offer bounded, exploratory configurational evidence on selected pathways associated with operational resilience in informal MSEs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Logistics and Supply Chain Challenges and Solutions in the Turbulent World)

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19 pages, 672 KB

Open AccessArticle

Causality Between Participatory Governance, Private Credit and the Performance of the Sesame Supply Chain: Evidence from Chad

by Lydie Beassemda, Alim Hamadou, Henri Thaddée Mba, Gilbert Roméo Hubert Ngock, Marius Tony Kibong, Marcel Rodrigue Ewodo-Amougou, Jean Marie Stevy Sama and Jean Gaston Tamba

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070165 - 17 Jul 2026

Viewed by 387

Abstract

Background: This study analyses the predictive causal relationships between sesame supply chain performance, participatory governance, and domestic credit to the private sector in Chad. In Sahelian economies, agricultural value chains continue to be subject to structural constraints relating to limited access to [...] Read more.

Background: This study analyses the predictive causal relationships between sesame supply chain performance, participatory governance, and domestic credit to the private sector in Chad. In Sahelian economies, agricultural value chains continue to be subject to structural constraints relating to limited access to finance and substandard institutions. Therefore, understanding the interactions between local governance, productive finance and agricultural performance is essential for guiding public policy. Methods: This analysis uses annual data from 2002 to 2021. Sesame production serves as an indicator of supply chain performance, while participatory governance is assessed using a composite index based on citizen participation, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality. The study applies the Granger causality test in the Toda–Yamamoto sense. Results: The findings reveal unidirectional causality from participatory governance to sesame production. The findings also reveal bidirectional causality between domestic credit to the private sector and sesame production. No direct causality was observed between participatory governance and private credit. Impulse response functions confirm that institutional and financial effects on production manifest themselves gradually over time. Conclusions: These results imply that sustainable development of the sesame sector in Chad necessitates an integrated strategy combining stronger local governance, improved access to private finance, and agricultural value chain modernisation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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32 pages, 4210 KB

Open AccessArticle

Packaging as a Last-Mile Logistics Decision: Consumer Expectations Across E-Commerce Fulfillment Channels

by Eduardo Molina

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070164 - 15 Jul 2026

Viewed by 442

Abstract

Background: Last-mile delivery is the most operationally complex and consumer-visible segment of E-commerce fulfillment, and direct-from-store (DFS) operations account for a growing share of online orders; yet packaging has been studied largely as a materials or sustainability problem rather than as a [...] Read more.

Background: Last-mile delivery is the most operationally complex and consumer-visible segment of E-commerce fulfillment, and direct-from-store (DFS) operations account for a growing share of online orders; yet packaging has been studied largely as a materials or sustainability problem rather than as a consumer-facing logistics decision. This study characterizes consumer packaging expectations across fulfillment channels and compares them with observed DFS practice. Methods: We integrate two empirical efforts: an online survey of general E-commerce packaging perceptions (n = 1947 U.S. consumers) and a DFS investigation comprising an exploratory international field audit of 51 orders across four countries and an online DFS consumer survey (314 participants). Analyses include professional–consumer comparisons, internal-consistency and exploratory factor analyses, and a mixed-effects model of the repeated scenario ratings. Results: Consumers consistently prioritize functional protection, content concealment, and practical sustainability over experiential and branding attributes; packaging professionals rate experiential attributes more highly than consumers do (medium-to-large effects); and observed DFS practices frequently misalign with consumer-prioritized functions. Conclusions: The findings support treating packaging as a managed, consumer-centric logistics variable and identify packaging choice at checkout as a feasible lever for DFS providers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Last Mile, E-Commerce and Sales Logistics)

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26 pages, 3847 KB

Open AccessArticle

Decoupling Safety Stock and Replenishment Decisions: A Data-Driven Hybrid Risk-Value Framework for Resilient Industrial Inventories

by Leonardo G. Hernández Landa, Carolina Solís Peña, Juan M. Hernández Ramos and Jania A. Saucedo Martínez

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070163 - 15 Jul 2026

Viewed by 456

Abstract

Background: Traditional value-based ABC inventory classification allocates protection according to economic value, overlooking operational risk factors such as demand variability, lead time, and assembly criticality, and it couples safety-stock and replenishment-cycle decisions. Methods: We propose a Hybrid Risk-Value framework that decouples [...] Read more.

Background: Traditional value-based ABC inventory classification allocates protection according to economic value, overlooking operational risk factors such as demand variability, lead time, and assembly criticality, and it couples safety-stock and replenishment-cycle decisions. Methods: We propose a Hybrid Risk-Value framework that decouples these two decisions: stock-keeping units (SKUs) are segmented by multivariate K-means clustering on operational risk variables to set safety-stock factors (Z), while ABC economic value sets replenishment cycle coverages (d). The framework is validated through stochastic discrete-event simulation on an anonymized dataset of 200 SKUs from an automotive supplier, under base, high-demand-variability, and extended-lead-time scenarios (20 replications each), and is benchmarked against both classic ABC and a coupled ABC-XYZ policy. Results: Across all scenarios, the Hybrid framework reduces average inventory investment and total logistical cost by approximately 26–28% relative to ABC (

p < 0.001

) while maintaining the service level; stockout days remain statistically unchanged except under extended lead times. The coupled ABC-XYZ benchmark performs almost identically to ABC, indicating that the gains arise from decoupling rather than from variability-based segmentation alone. Conclusions: Decoupling safety-stock and replenishment decisions offers a capital-efficient, data-driven alternative to static financial segmentation for resilient industrial inventories. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Decision Science Applications and Models (DSAM))

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30 pages, 2711 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Fresh Supply Chain Logistics Cooperation Strategy from the Perspective of Government Subsidy

by Wei Yang and Jiaxin Liu

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070162 - 14 Jul 2026

Viewed by 297

Abstract

Background: Within the fresh food e-commerce supply chain, government effort-contingent subsidies and logistics partnerships critically impact order pricing, preservation, and profitability. This study aims to investigate how different logistics cooperation modes interact with effort-contingent subsidies to optimize supply chain performance under preservation [...] Read more.

Background: Within the fresh food e-commerce supply chain, government effort-contingent subsidies and logistics partnerships critically impact order pricing, preservation, and profitability. This study aims to investigate how different logistics cooperation modes interact with effort-contingent subsidies to optimize supply chain performance under preservation effort and random demand. Methods: We developed three Stackelberg game models: an independent logistics model, a logistics-supplier cooperation model without subsidies and a logistics-supplier cooperative model with government effort-contingent subsidies. Equilibrium strategies were derived theoretically and analyzed through numerical simulations to examine preservation efforts and pricing. Results: The findings show that logistics cooperation combined with effort-contingent subsidies not only optimizes the decision-making behaviors, but also effectively shares preservation costs and mitigates double marginalization. This synergy incentivizes higher preservation efforts and lowers wholesale prices, ultimately reducing retail prices and expanding market demand. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that excessively optimistic demand forecasts (over-ordering) sharply increase systemic costs, causing a reverse drop in actual demand. Conclusions: Government subsidies are an effective macro-policy tool for alleviating cold-chain costs when integrated with logistics cooperation. To build a sustainable supply chain, e-commerce platforms must adopt prudent ordering strategies, while policymakers should structurally design subsidies to incentivize preservation investments rather than purely subsidizing profits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supplier, Government and Procurement Logistics)

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32 pages, 4162 KB

Open AccessReview

Structuring Logistics and Supply Chain Complexity: A Systematic Review of Problem Structuring Methods

by Saeed Sadeghi Darvazeh, Farzaneh Mansoori Mooseloo, Andres Acero, Yasel Costa and Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070161 - 13 Jul 2026

Viewed by 449

Abstract

Background: Supply chains are becoming increasingly complex, interconnected, and stakeholder-intensive, making effective problem formulation as important as identifying optimal solutions. Although problem structuring methods (PSMs) have been widely applied in logistics and supply chain management (LSCM), the literature remains fragmented, providing limited guidance [...] Read more.

Background: Supply chains are becoming increasingly complex, interconnected, and stakeholder-intensive, making effective problem formulation as important as identifying optimal solutions. Although problem structuring methods (PSMs) have been widely applied in logistics and supply chain management (LSCM), the literature remains fragmented, providing limited guidance on selecting appropriate methodologies for different problem contexts. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, this review analyzes 187 journal articles published between 1997 and 2026. Bibliometric analysis and qualitative synthesis were combined to examine the evolution of the field, compare the characteristics and applications of different PSMs, and identify emerging methodological trends. Results: PSM research has grown substantially since 2015, with System Dynamics, Cognitive Mapping, and Scenario Planning emerging as the dominant methodologies. The review also identifies a clear shift toward mixed-methodology approaches that integrate PSMs with optimization, simulation, and multi-criteria decision-making techniques. Stakeholder complexity, uncertainty, and system dynamics were identified as the primary factors influencing methodology selection. Conclusions: This study advances theory and practice by developing an integrated decision-support framework and methodological guidance for selecting appropriate PSMs in complex logistics and supply chain environments. The proposed framework provides a practical roadmap for diagnosing ill-structured problems and choosing suitable problem structuring approaches across diverse supply chain contexts. Full article

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26 pages, 4215 KB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring Digitalization in Air Cargo Logistics: Development of an Evaluation Framework for Air Cargo Carriers

by Kristína Kováčiková, Andrej Novák, Martina Kováčiková and Alena Novák Sedláčková

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070160 - 13 Jul 2026

Viewed by 350

Abstract

Background: The air cargo sector is undergoing significant digital transformation driven by increasing demands for operational efficiency, transparency, and real-time information exchange. Despite the growing importance of digitalization, substantial differences remain in the level of technological implementation and system integration among air cargo [...] Read more.

Background: The air cargo sector is undergoing significant digital transformation driven by increasing demands for operational efficiency, transparency, and real-time information exchange. Despite the growing importance of digitalization, substantial differences remain in the level of technological implementation and system integration among air cargo carriers, while sector-specific evaluation frameworks remain limited. Methods: This study develops an evaluation framework for measuring digitalization in air cargo logistics. The framework is based on five evaluation pillars and a structured set of indicators covering electronic documentation, real-time shipment tracking, automation, digital communication, technological capabilities, and system integration. A scoring-based assessment methodology was applied to three international air cargo carriers to enable comparative evaluation of their digital maturity. Results: The assessment revealed substantial differences in digitalization among the evaluated carriers, indicating that higher levels of system integration, automation, and real-time data utilization revealed substantial differences in digital maturity among the evaluated carriers. Conclusions: The proposed framework provides a structured, sector-specific approach for assessing digitalization in air cargo logistics. It contributes to existing research by enabling systematic comparison of digital maturity among air cargo carriers while providing a practical benchmarking and decision-support tool for digital transformation initiatives. Full article

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24 pages, 5445 KB

Open AccessArticle

A MILP-Based Two-Echelon Logistics Network Design Model Under Uncertainty: Application to a Perishable Banana Supply Chain

by Rick Acosta-Vega, Nathalia Chaparro-Hernandez and Enrique Delahoz-Domínguez

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070159 - 13 Jul 2026

Viewed by 349

Abstract

Background: Perishable agri-food supply chains require logistics networks that remain economically viable despite fluctuations in demand, transportation costs, and market prices. This study develops and evaluates a two-echelon logistics network for the banana supply chain in Magdalena, Colombia. Methods: A mixed-integer linear [...] Read more.

Background: Perishable agri-food supply chains require logistics networks that remain economically viable despite fluctuations in demand, transportation costs, and market prices. This study develops and evaluates a two-echelon logistics network for the banana supply chain in Magdalena, Colombia. Methods: A mixed-integer linear programming model was formulated to maximise daily profit by jointly determining collection-centre activation and product flows among 14 producers, five candidate collection centres, and two commercial buyers. The deterministic solution was complemented by sensitivity analysis and 1000 Monte Carlo optimisation scenarios incorporating variability in demand, transportation costs, and selling prices. Results: Under nominal conditions, all five collection centres were activated, the full demand of 42,000 kg/day was served, and the optimal profit was USD 3093/day. Centres C1–C4 operated at full capacity, whereas C5 reached 42.9% utilization. Under uncertainty, the mean profit decreased to USD 1955.70/day, the mean unmet demand was 954.03 kg/day, and shortages occurred in 72.3% of scenarios. C1–C4 remained the network core, while C5 acted as a flexible contingency facility. Conclusions: The proposed framework reveals an efficiency–resilience trade-off overlooked by deterministic optimisation. Demand growth and capacity reductions are the principal operational risks, supporting investment in collection capacity and proactive demand management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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37 pages, 2678 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Factors for Evaluating Supply Chain Viability Readiness Across Four Dimensions: A Systematic Literature Review

by Zahra Abdalla Sajwani, Hamdi Bashir and Ridvan Aydin

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070158 - 13 Jul 2026

Viewed by 493

Abstract

Background: As supply chains undergo rapid transformation, the concept of supply chain viability (SCV) has gained increasing attention among scholars and industry practitioners. Despite this growing interest, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive and integrated understanding of readiness factors across SCV dimensions. [...] Read more.

Background: As supply chains undergo rapid transformation, the concept of supply chain viability (SCV) has gained increasing attention among scholars and industry practitioners. Despite this growing interest, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive and integrated understanding of readiness factors across SCV dimensions. Methods: To address this gap, this study conducted a systematic review of the literature. A total of 86 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 were included, synthesizing evidence across four SCV dimensions: agility, resilience, sustainability, and digitalization. Two-mode network representation was used to analyze cross-dimensional connections between readiness factors and SCV dimensions via degree centrality. Results: The analysis identified 36 readiness factors, 9 of which are cross-dimensional and connected to all four SCV dimensions: leadership and decision-making, stakeholder integration, customer relationship and engagement, partner collaboration and readiness, advanced analytics, technological/digital capabilities, real-time data visibility, information and communication technology infrastructure availability, and digital transformation/smart technologies in supply chain management. Conclusions: Readiness factors vary across SCV dimensions, with some spanning multiple dimensions and others remaining specific. SCV strategies should account for these differences rather than treating factors as uniform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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22 pages, 2820 KB

Open AccessArticle

Techno-Economic Optimization and Life Cycle Assessment of Heavy-Duty Truck Electrification for Regional Logistics

by Leon Döhler, Alexander Grahle, Michael Görges, Marius Held, Volkmar Lüthen, Diego Fadranski and Dietmar Göhlich

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070157 - 10 Jul 2026

Viewed by 456

Abstract

Background: Road transport accounts for 73% of transport-related greenhouse gas emissions within the EU, 27% of which are attributable to heavy-duty vehicles. In order to reduce emissions in the area of heavy-duty commercial vehicles, electrifying the fleet offers a perspective. As part of [...] Read more.

Background: Road transport accounts for 73% of transport-related greenhouse gas emissions within the EU, 27% of which are attributable to heavy-duty vehicles. In order to reduce emissions in the area of heavy-duty commercial vehicles, electrifying the fleet offers a perspective. As part of a cooperation between TU Berlin, Siemens and BLG Logistics within the Mobility2Grid research campus, an analysis was carried out to determine how an exemplary BLG depot for regional logistics transport with six diesel trucks can be converted to battery–electric trucks. Methods: This analysis was conducted under a fixed depot schedule with defined dwell times and charging opportunities, with the aim of developing practical recommendations for the acquisition of suitable vehicles and infrastructure. To this end, simulations were carried out using the eFlips consumption and depot simulation software developed at TU Berlin. Results and Conclusions The results show that electrification for regional logistics transport can already be fully implemented with the current state of the art technology and that neither very large batteries nor very high charging powers are required for technically feasible and economically balanced operation. Notably, the cost-optimal battery capacities identified (approximately 200–230 kWh) are currently smaller than those of commercially available 40 t electric trucks, revealing a gap between the model-optimal configuration and present market offerings. Based on the identified optimal configuration, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of fleet electrification. Over a 10-year lifetime, the battery–electric fleet reduces cumulative greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 53% compared to the diesel baseline, with operational-phase savings clearly outweighing higher production-related emissions. The combined techno-economic and environmental assessment provides a structured decision basis for depot-centered fleet electrification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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22 pages, 2601 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Business Intelligence for Sustainable Logistics Performance in SMEs: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda

by Amina Meskaoui, Hakim Nasaoui, Rania Rejjaoui, Adil El Amri and Abdelhak Sahib Eddine

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070156 - 10 Jul 2026

Viewed by 491

Abstract

Background: Global logistics generates 16–25% of greenhouse gas emissions, yet small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies lack the digital infrastructure to measure and improve their sustainability performance. Business intelligence (BI) systems can support data-driven sustainability decisions, but their application in SME [...] Read more.

Background: Global logistics generates 16–25% of greenhouse gas emissions, yet small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies lack the digital infrastructure to measure and improve their sustainability performance. Business intelligence (BI) systems can support data-driven sustainability decisions, but their application in SME logistics remains poorly understood, and no prior review has examined this intersection with a developing-economy focus. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and April 2026. Two reviewers independently screened 412 records; 67 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: Five thematic clusters emerged: BI tools for logistics, sustainability KPI frameworks (triple bottom line [TBL], environmental–social–governance [ESG], Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs]), ERP integration, SME-specific barriers, and geographic gaps. Of the studies, 92% originate from developed economies; Africa and MENA remain almost entirely absent. No study combines open-source ERP with a validated TBL KPI framework for logistics SMEs. Conclusions: We propose a six-priority research agenda targeting empirical validation in developing economies and open-source BI solutions for SME logistics sustainability. Full article

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33 pages, 7306 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Agent Path Planning for a Multi-Deep Four-Way Shuttle-Based System

by Giacomo Lupi, Andrea L’Afflitto, Riccardo Manzini and Gabriele Sirri

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070155 - 9 Jul 2026

Viewed by 457

Abstract

Background: Four-way shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems (FSS/RSs) have recently emerged as flexible and scalable solutions for high-density warehousing, enabling shuttle movement in four directions and supporting multi-deep dual-access storage configurations. However, these features increase the complexity of vehicle coordination and collision [...] Read more.

Background: Four-way shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems (FSS/RSs) have recently emerged as flexible and scalable solutions for high-density warehousing, enabling shuttle movement in four directions and supporting multi-deep dual-access storage configurations. However, these features increase the complexity of vehicle coordination and collision management. This study proposes a multi-agent path-planning methodology for FSS/RSs with multi-deep dual-access lanes hosting homogeneous items. Methods: An A*-based path-planning framework was developed and integrated with a dynamic collision-management strategy comprising collision detection, priority assignment, and collision avoidance. The methodology was evaluated through a multi-scenario analysis considering different fleet sizes, priority-assignment strategies, safety-area extensions, transaction-entry patterns, and collision-management policies. Results: The results show that fleet size is the most influential operational parameter, significantly affecting throughput, waiting times, and collision frequency. Increasing the number of vehicles improves system productivity but also increases traffic interactions and congestion. The analyses further highlight the effects of safety-area size, priority rules, and transaction-entry patterns on operational performance and system robustness. Conclusions: The proposed methodology effectively combines path planning and collision management in four-way shuttle systems, providing a decision-support tool for evaluating operational trade-offs among throughput, congestion control, and system stability in multi-deep dual-access warehouse environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence, Logistics Analytics, and Automation)

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33 pages, 1134 KB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Supply Chain Adoption and Operational Performance: The Moderating Role of Digital Dynamic Capabilities

by Chanikarn Kamonsook and Vatcharapol Sukhotu

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070154 - 9 Jul 2026

Viewed by 545

Abstract

Background: Digital Supply Chain Adoption (DSCA) has emerged as a critical strategic imperative associated with Operational Performance (OP); however, empirical evidence within Thailand’s food and beverage manufacturing industry remains limited. Methods: A structured survey of 200 supply chain professionals was analysed [...] Read more.

Background: Digital Supply Chain Adoption (DSCA) has emerged as a critical strategic imperative associated with Operational Performance (OP); however, empirical evidence within Thailand’s food and beverage manufacturing industry remains limited. Methods: A structured survey of 200 supply chain professionals was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. To ensure analytical rigor and mitigate potential method bias, a retrospective comparison design was employed. Furthermore, DSCA was operationalized as a Type II reflective-formative higher-order construct, and Digital Dynamic Capabilities (DDC) as a Type I higher-order construct. Results: DSCA was positively associated with all perceived performance dimensions, with cost reduction exhibiting the strongest direct association (β = 0.510, p < 0.001). DDC significantly moderated the statistical relationships for quality and productivity performance. However, the moderating role of DDC on cost reduction was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Within the investigated sample, DSCA was more closely associated with perceived cost efficiencies, whereas DDC showed a supplementary moderating role specific to quality and productivity outcomes. The findings are also consistent with the integrated Dynamic Capabilities View and Technology, Organization, and Environment (DCV-TOE) perspective, suggesting that statistical associations between digital transformation and operational outcomes may vary across performance dimensions rather than follow a uniform pattern. Full article

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32 pages, 3829 KB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Optimization of Lashing Systems for Large Cargo Under Tipping Conditions in Maritime Transport

by José M. Pérez-Canosa, M. Natividad López-López, Will van’t Hek and Lidia Pérez-López

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070153 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 511

Abstract

Background: Current international regulations for cargo securing rely on simplified assumptions that may not accurately represent the behavior of oversized cargo, particularly regarding rotational inertia and ship motion effects, which are critical under tipping conditions. Methods: This study presents a methodology [...] Read more.

Background: Current international regulations for cargo securing rely on simplified assumptions that may not accurately represent the behavior of oversized cargo, particularly regarding rotational inertia and ship motion effects, which are critical under tipping conditions. Methods: This study presents a methodology for the evaluation, modeling and optimization of lashing systems for large cargo units. A comparative analysis between the CSS Code and DNV guidelines is performed to assess differences in the estimation of ship-induced accelerations and the resulting tipping moments. Simulations are performed considering different stowage positions, environmental conditions, and lashing configurations. Predictive mathematical models are developed using Design of Experiments (DOE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results: The results reveal that the CSS Code systematically leads to more conservative requirements, significantly increasing the number of required lashing devices compared to DNV guidelines. The influence of lashing angles is quantified, identifying optimal configurations that minimize securing effort while ensuring tipping equilibrium. The developed models accurately estimate the number of lashing devices required for both longitudinal and transverse tipping. Conclusions: The methodology is validated through a real case study involving heavy offshore cargo and provides practical decision-support tools. The proposed approach enables more efficient and reliable securing design in maritime cargo transport. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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34 pages, 1766 KB

Open AccessArticle

Who Tracks What, and How Deep? Granular Traceability in Multi-Firm Supply Chains via Blockchain-Based Tokenization

by Vangelis Malamas, Georgios Lagoumitzis, Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou, Theodore G. Voutsinas and Thomas K. Dasaklis

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070152 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 477

Abstract

Background: Traceability has gained significant importance in supply chain (SC) networks, especially driven by the growing need for transparency, regulatory compliance and consumer assurance. Although blockchain technology addresses several traditional traceability challenges, granularity, interoperability and integration with existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) [...] Read more.

Background: Traceability has gained significant importance in supply chain (SC) networks, especially driven by the growing need for transparency, regulatory compliance and consumer assurance. Although blockchain technology addresses several traditional traceability challenges, granularity, interoperability and integration with existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems remain open problems. Methods: In this paper, we propose an integrated blockchain-enabled framework aimed at granular traceability in SC networks. The proposed framework supports the tokenization of the Bill of Materials (BoM) and introduces append-only versioned tokens that capture state evolution across SC stages. Security and privacy are managed through a baseline Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) policy, while EPCIS GS1 event modeling supports standardized data exchange between ERP middleware and the blockchain layer. To examine its applicability, we implement a proof-of-concept prototype and apply the framework to an illustrative wheat SC scenario. Results: Finally, we provide a controlled performance and feasibility analysis based on a private Ethereum/Ganache environment. Conclusions: The results should be interpreted as proof-of-concept evidence of technical feasibility rather than as production-grade validation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Intelligent and Advanced Digital Technologies Enabling Sustainable and Viable Supply Chain and Logistics Ecosystems)

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20 pages, 3142 KB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency and Fairness in Physical Internet Logistics Coordination Under Shared Capacity Constraints

by Qian Huang, Yao Hu and Shunichi Ohmori

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070151 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 471

Abstract

Background: The Physical Internet (PI) promotes resource sharing among independent firms. This can improve logistics efficiency, but shared route capacity and limited compensation may also create unequal outcomes among firms. Methods: This study develops a framework for coordinated logistics planning under shared route [...] Read more.

Background: The Physical Internet (PI) promotes resource sharing among independent firms. This can improve logistics efficiency, but shared route capacity and limited compensation may also create unequal outcomes among firms. Methods: This study develops a framework for coordinated logistics planning under shared route capacity constraints. The framework includes two coordination rules. Model 3.3 is an efficiency-oriented participation-guaranteeing rule with individual rationality constraints. Model 3.4 is a fairness-oriented rule that minimizes the maximum firm-level disadvantage under a limited compensation budget. Numerical experiments are conducted using a stylized Japanese domestic consumer goods distribution network. Results: Coordinated planning reduces total logistics cost compared with decentralized sequential allocation. Model 3.3 achieves the lowest system cost but gives benefits unevenly. Model 3.4 gives more balanced firm-level outcomes and improves the worst-off firm in the tested scenarios. The results also show that substantial fairness improvements can be obtained through small route-allocation changes. Conclusions: The study shows how two coordination rules can be used in PI-oriented logistics coordination. Model 3.3 is useful when firms need a no-loss guarantee, especially in an early stage. Model 3.4 is useful in a mature or repeated coordination stage, where the platform needs to avoid excessive disadvantage. Full article

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42 pages, 3220 KB

Open AccessReview

Simulation-Supported Humanitarian Logistics Across the Relief–Development Continuum: A Scoping Review

by James Byrne and Paul Liston

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070150 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 774

Abstract

Background: Humanitarian logistics decisions extend beyond immediate relief delivery to include preparedness, recovery, service continuity and the development of durable local capabilities. Simulation can support these decisions under uncertainty, yet the evidence remains fragmented across logistics domains, modelling approaches and phases of [...] Read more.

Background: Humanitarian logistics decisions extend beyond immediate relief delivery to include preparedness, recovery, service continuity and the development of durable local capabilities. Simulation can support these decisions under uncertainty, yet the evidence remains fragmented across logistics domains, modelling approaches and phases of the relief–development continuum. This review synthesises how simulation has been used in humanitarian logistics and identifies where the evidence is concentrated and where important gaps remain. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR and PRISMA-S, using multi-disciplinary and specialist database searches supplemented by backward and forward citation searching. Included studies were coded by logistics decision problem, continuum phase, decision level, performance outcome, simulation approach and operational grounding. Results: The literature is concentrated in preparedness and response, particularly around coordination, network design, inventory, allocation, transport and capacity. System dynamics, agent-based modelling and discrete-event simulation are well established, whereas hybrid simulation and digital twin applications remain limited. Early recovery, reconstruction, development-oriented transition and practice-embedded modelling are comparatively underdeveloped. Conclusions: Simulation-supported humanitarian logistics is strongest for structured preparedness and response problems. Future research should connect decisions across phases and strengthen beneficiary-sensitive, operationally grounded modelling of recovery, localisation, service continuity and longer-term logistics capability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)

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17 pages, 1061 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hierarchical Product Recognition Under Partial Supervision for Retail Environments

by Mohammad Hori, Bernd Noche and Abbas Horri

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070149 - 2 Jul 2026

Viewed by 449

Abstract

Background: Retail product recognition is difficult in practice because products often look similar, class distributions are unbalanced, and annotations usually contain only one observed product label, even though products belong to broader category structures. This study addresses this setting as classification under incomplete [...] Read more.

Background: Retail product recognition is difficult in practice because products often look similar, class distributions are unbalanced, and annotations usually contain only one observed product label, even though products belong to broader category structures. This study addresses this setting as classification under incomplete supervision rather than as a fully annotated multi-label problem. Methods: We evaluate a lightweight hierarchy-aware recognition framework on a laboratory-based retail dataset containing real supermarket products. Visual features are extracted with a pretrained ResNet-50, reduced by truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD), and classified using class-conditional kernel density estimation (KDE). A coarse-to-fine refinement step first assigns each sample to one of seven product groups and then applies a group-specific classifier. Results: The hierarchical TSVD-KDE model achieved 83.7% Top-1 accuracy, 95.8% Top-5 accuracy, and 71.8% macro-averaged F1-score, improving over the flat TSVD-KDE variant and the convolutional neural network (CNN) linear baseline. For rare classes, the model reached 62.4% Top-1 accuracy while maintaining an average inference time of 6.1 ms per sample. Conclusions: The results suggest that combining compact visual representations with probabilistic classification and a simple product hierarchy can improve balanced recognition performance without relying on a large end-to-end architecture. Full article

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18 pages, 237 KB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Augmented Decision-Making Agility in Supplier Evaluation: Insights from a Qualitative Procurement Case Study

by Slim Belaid and Houssein Ballouk

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070148 - 1 Jul 2026

Viewed by 637

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly discussed as a means of improving procurement efficiency and supply chain agility, yet its role in supplier evaluation remains insufficiently understood, particularly when decisions depend on fragmented information, cross-functional coordination, explainability, and managerial accountability. This study [...] Read more.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly discussed as a means of improving procurement efficiency and supply chain agility, yet its role in supplier evaluation remains insufficiently understood, particularly when decisions depend on fragmented information, cross-functional coordination, explainability, and managerial accountability. This study examines how AI may augment decision-making agility in supplier evaluation. Methods: An exploratory qualitative single-case study was conducted in a large multinational manufacturing company. Data were collected through 18 semi-structured interviews with procurement, logistics, quality, operations, and ERP/process actors, and analyzed through a Gioia-inspired thematic analysis, complemented by a descriptive assessment of theme recurrence. Results: The findings show that supplier evaluation is constrained by informational fragmentation, weak organizational memory, limited explainability, and the need to preserve contextual human judgement. AI was not perceived as a substitute for procurement professionals but as a decision-support infrastructure that may reconnect dispersed supplier knowledge, detect recurring problems earlier, and support transparent recommendations. Conclusions: The study develops a preliminary conceptualization of AI-augmented procurement agility as a bounded, process-level capability composed of AI-enabled supplier sensing, AI-supported interpretive integration, explainable decision support, and human-supervised responsiveness. The findings remain context-dependent and require further validation through comparative and longitudinal research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence, Logistics Analytics, and Automation)

19 pages, 2059 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Future of Humanitarian Logistics: How Donors and Volunteers Will Shape Supply Chain Cooperation in 2030

by Najat Toufah, Alaa Eddine El Moussaoui, Taoufiq El Moussaoui, Marc Ardizio and Aymen Benkhouili

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070147 - 1 Jul 2026

Viewed by 492

Abstract

Background: This study examines how humanitarian supply chain cooperation in Morocco may evolve toward 2030, focusing on the roles of donors, volunteers, and digital technologies in strengthening coordination, operational performance, and resilience in crisis environments. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining qualitative [...] Read more.

Background: This study examines how humanitarian supply chain cooperation in Morocco may evolve toward 2030, focusing on the roles of donors, volunteers, and digital technologies in strengthening coordination, operational performance, and resilience in crisis environments. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining qualitative data collected through interviews and focus groups with 57 humanitarian actors and quantitative data obtained from 1183 logistics professionals. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and qualitative foresight techniques were employed to explore current cooperation patterns and future humanitarian supply chain dynamics. Results: The findings indicate that donors are increasingly expected to support digital coordination, predictive planning, and capacity-building initiatives rather than acting solely as financial contributors, while volunteers continue to play a critical role in adaptive and decentralized operations, particularly in rural areas. The results further suggest that digital technologies may enhance visibility, responsiveness, and collaboration when integrated into human-centered governance systems. Conclusions: The study proposes an integrated socio-technical framework for understanding humanitarian supply chain cooperation toward 2030 and provides practical insights for developing resilient, collaborative, and future-ready humanitarian logistics systems in emerging economies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)

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26 pages, 2912 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Supply Chains to Interdependent Logistics Infrastructure: Topological Fragility, Shock Amplification and Orbital Computing

by Klavdij Logožar

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070146 - 1 Jul 2026

Viewed by 445

Abstract

Background: High-technology supply chains are interdependent logistics infrastructures in which digital, energy, manufacturing, cloud and orbital layers are tightly coupled. This paper examines how such layering changes supply chain resilience and systemic vulnerability. Methods: The paper develops an analytical–conceptual framework linking [...] Read more.

Background: High-technology supply chains are interdependent logistics infrastructures in which digital, energy, manufacturing, cloud and orbital layers are tightly coupled. This paper examines how such layering changes supply chain resilience and systemic vulnerability. Methods: The paper develops an analytical–conceptual framework linking supply chain resilience, interdependent infrastructure theory and network topology. It introduces Topological Phase Vulnerability (TPV), capturing proximity to structural fragility thresholds, and the Shock Amplification Coefficient (SAC), conceptualizing disruption amplification as a function of centrality concentration, cross-layer coupling and reconfiguration capacity. The framework is supported by a fuzzy-inspired diagnostic scorecard and stylized assessment of alternative infrastructure configurations. Orbital computing is an extreme illustrative context because it combines dependence on advanced semiconductor fabrication, hyperscale cloud orchestration, energy systems, launch capacity and logistics coordination. Results: Highly centralized configurations are more likely to transform local disruptions into cross-layer cascades, whereas modular and distributed configurations are more likely to contain disruption through redundancy, substitutability and rerouting. Conclusions: Resilience in next-generation logistics infrastructure depends not only on capacity or component reliability, but also on topology. Centrality dispersion, modularity and reconfiguration capacity are critical design principles for reducing shock amplification in high-technology supply chains. Full article

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26 pages, 1632 KB

Open AccessArticle

Driving Collaboration in Rail Freight Services: A Thematic and MICMAC Analysis of Stakeholder Factors in Thailand

by Tawinan Simajaruk and Jirapan Liangrokapart

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070145 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 361

Abstract

Background: Strengthening, coordinating, and sustaining rail freight services is one of the most pressing yet neglected challenges for transport planners in developing economies. Focusing on the institutional context of Thai freight transport, we assess, contextualise, and rank the collaboration factors shaping rail [...] Read more.

Background: Strengthening, coordinating, and sustaining rail freight services is one of the most pressing yet neglected challenges for transport planners in developing economies. Focusing on the institutional context of Thai freight transport, we assess, contextualise, and rank the collaboration factors shaping rail freight competitiveness. Methods: MICMAC analysis was selected because it does not require a pre-defined hierarchical structure and it is computationally straightforward for small variable sets. A qualitative study comprising semi-structured interviews was conducted with participants from government transport agencies, the State Railway of Thailand (SRT), private logistics operators, and freight customers. Results: The analysis extracted six key factors: government policy, finance, infrastructure readiness, technology and innovation, information sharing, and human resource capacity. Government policy alone occupies the driving quadrant, exerting the strongest systemic influence. Finance and infrastructure readiness emerge as linkage factors, simultaneously shaping and being shaped by the wider network, whereas technology, information sharing, and human resources sit in the dependent quadrant and respond to change. Conclusions: This classification allows us to derive seven collaboration strategies matched with appropriate policy levers; the three highest-ranked are policy collaboration, economic instruments, and multimodal integration. Full article

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32 pages, 942 KB

Open AccessArticle

Smart Industrial Robots, AI-Driven Autonomous Vehicles, and Drones in Warehouse Logistics

by Alaa Eddine El Moussaoui, Taoufiq El Moussaoui, Najat Toufah and Marc Ardizio

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070144 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 746

Abstract

Background: The rapid digitalization of warehouse logistics has accelerated the adoption of smart industrial robots, AI-driven autonomous vehicles, and drones to enhance operational coordination and supply chain performance. However, empirical evidence regarding the combined operational implications of these autonomous technologies within emerging-market logistics [...] Read more.

Background: The rapid digitalization of warehouse logistics has accelerated the adoption of smart industrial robots, AI-driven autonomous vehicles, and drones to enhance operational coordination and supply chain performance. However, empirical evidence regarding the combined operational implications of these autonomous technologies within emerging-market logistics environments remains limited. This study examines the relationships between autonomous warehouse technologies and perceived warehouse operational performance in Morocco. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed using survey data collected from 1753 logistics professionals operating in warehouses connected to the SoftLogistics platform. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted to evaluate the proposed relationships and interaction effects among the study constructs. Results: The findings indicate that smart industrial robots, AI-driven autonomous vehicles, and drones are positively associated with perceived warehouse operational efficiency, operational accuracy, and warehouse resilience. The results further suggest that technological interoperability, workforce readiness, organizational adaptation, and AI-enabled coordination mechanisms may enhance the operational contribution of autonomous warehouse systems. Conclusions: Autonomous logistics technologies are associated with smart warehouse transformation and improved operational performance within emerging logistics environments. The findings also highlight the importance of organizational and socio-technical readiness for the implementation of autonomous warehouse technologies. Full article

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24 pages, 1234 KB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling the Resilience of Agricultural Intermodal Logistics in Kazakhstan Under Dynamic Export Demand and Infrastructure Constraints

by Aizhan Kamysbayeva, Alisher Khussanov, Botagoz Kaldybayeva, Oleksandr Prokhorov, Zhakhongir Khussanov, Saule Bekzhanova, Marat Sabyrkhanov and Aikerim Issayeva

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070143 - 24 Jun 2026

Viewed by 571

Abstract

Background: Agricultural logistics in Kazakhstan is critical for export-oriented supply chains, but its resilience is limited by infrastructure constraints, fluctuating export demand, and insufficient coordination between market and logistics processes. Methods: This study develops a conceptual multi-level model of the agricultural [...] Read more.

Background: Agricultural logistics in Kazakhstan is critical for export-oriented supply chains, but its resilience is limited by infrastructure constraints, fluctuating export demand, and insufficient coordination between market and logistics processes. Methods: This study develops a conceptual multi-level model of the agricultural logistics system and a hybrid simulation model combining system dynamics and discrete-event simulation to analyze intermodal transportation under demand and capacity constraints. The model integrates demand formation, storage, transport, and export operations, as well as feedback mechanisms between fulfilled demand, repeat orders, and logistics performance. The model is implemented in AnyLogic 8.9. Results: The conceptual model structures the interaction of key participants, logistics facilities, and infrastructure levels within Kazakhstan’s agricultural logistics system. Simulation experiments reproduce cyclic logistics behavior and show that reduced logistics capacity increases the demand gap and system pressure, while stronger market signals intensify demand and infrastructure load. The results confirm that resilience depends on the balance between demand activation, logistics capacity, and replenishment policy. Conclusions: The proposed approach provides a tool for analyzing the resilience of agricultural intermodal logistics in Kazakhstan and supports scenario-based evaluation of infrastructure and market factors. The novelty lies in combining a conceptual multi-level logistics model with hybrid simulation of demand and logistics flows. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Logistics and Supply Chain Challenges and Solutions in the Turbulent World)

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25 pages, 1191 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable and Smart Logistics Transition in European Maritime–Port Systems: A Decision Tree Classification Approach

by Nicoletta González-Cancelas, Beatriz Molina-Serrano, Francisco Soler-Flores and Javier Vaca-Cabrero

Logistics 2026, 10(7), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070142 - 23 Jun 2026

Viewed by 611

Abstract

Background: Sustainable and smart logistics transition requires tools that connect environmental, energy, social and digital performance with transport structure. This study proposes an exploratory classification framework for European maritime–port logistics systems using Eurostat-based country-year observations. Methods: A composite transition profile was constructed from [...] Read more.

Background: Sustainable and smart logistics transition requires tools that connect environmental, energy, social and digital performance with transport structure. This study proposes an exploratory classification framework for European maritime–port logistics systems using Eurostat-based country-year observations. Methods: A composite transition profile was constructed from environmental, energy, social and digital indicators using min–max normalization, equal weighting and tercile classification into low, medium and high profiles. A shallow decision tree classifier was applied to identify transport, modal structure and maritime–port activity variables that discriminate between profiles. Results: Road freight transport intensity was the main discriminator, followed by inland passenger modal structure variables. Maritime–port activity variables were included in the initial predictor set but were not retained by the final tree, indicating that transition profiles are more strongly differentiated by inland logistics and modal configuration at the country-year level. The model showed moderate performance, with a five-fold cross-validated accuracy of 0.561, above the majority-class baseline. Conclusions: The framework provides an interpretable diagnostic tool for identifying logistics-related transition patterns and supporting sustainable logistics planning. Its exploratory scope and data limitations are explicitly acknowledged. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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Logistics, Volume 10, Issue 7 (July 2026) – 26 articles

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