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Article

Modal and Territorial Concentration in Import Logistics: Assessing Disruption Exposure Using Customs Revenue Data

by
Pablo Emilio Basantes-Garcés
1,
Carlos David Lizano-Arauz
1,
Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez
2,*,
Gelmar García-Vidal
1,
Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar
1 and
Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer
1
1
Faculty of Law, Administrative and Social Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
2
Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Industries, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Logistics 2026, 10(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10040081
Submission received: 4 March 2026 / Revised: 30 March 2026 / Accepted: 1 April 2026 / Published: 3 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tackling Disruptions in Supply Chain Networks Through Resilient, Sustainable and Innovative Methods and Practices)
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Abstract

Background: Understanding how logistics structure affects fiscal performance and exposure to disruption is critical in import-dependent economies. This study examines the concentration of Ecuador’s import logistics system using customs revenue as an operational–fiscal proxy. Methods: The analysis uses 2023–2024 customs revenue data to evaluate modal and territorial concentration through the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI). Scenario-based stress tests are applied to assess sensitivity to redistribution and disruption shocks. Results: Results reveal a high dependence on maritime transport and a dominant customs district, with the Guayaquil–Maritime node accounting for most revenue. HHI values confirm strong concentration patterns. Scenario analysis shows that even moderate disruptions in dominant nodes generate disproportionate fiscal impacts, while limited modal diversification slightly reduces vulnerability. Conclusions: The findings indicate that logistics concentration constitutes a structural source of fiscal exposure. The study contributes by framing customs revenue as an integrated proxy linking logistics structure and vulnerability. However, results should be interpreted cautiously due to the short-term dataset, static analysis, and absence of behavioral responses.
Keywords: supply chain disruptions; logistics resilience; customs revenue; transport modes; territorial concentration; Herfindahl–Hirschman Index; ports and hinterland supply chain disruptions; logistics resilience; customs revenue; transport modes; territorial concentration; Herfindahl–Hirschman Index; ports and hinterland

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MDPI and ACS Style

Basantes-Garcés, P.E.; Lizano-Arauz, C.D.; Sánchez-Rodríguez, A.; García-Vidal, G.; Martínez-Vivar, R.; Pérez-Campdesuñer, R. Modal and Territorial Concentration in Import Logistics: Assessing Disruption Exposure Using Customs Revenue Data. Logistics 2026, 10, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10040081

AMA Style

Basantes-Garcés PE, Lizano-Arauz CD, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, García-Vidal G, Martínez-Vivar R, Pérez-Campdesuñer R. Modal and Territorial Concentration in Import Logistics: Assessing Disruption Exposure Using Customs Revenue Data. Logistics. 2026; 10(4):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10040081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basantes-Garcés, Pablo Emilio, Carlos David Lizano-Arauz, Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez, Gelmar García-Vidal, Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar, and Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer. 2026. "Modal and Territorial Concentration in Import Logistics: Assessing Disruption Exposure Using Customs Revenue Data" Logistics 10, no. 4: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10040081

APA Style

Basantes-Garcés, P. E., Lizano-Arauz, C. D., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., García-Vidal, G., Martínez-Vivar, R., & Pérez-Campdesuñer, R. (2026). Modal and Territorial Concentration in Import Logistics: Assessing Disruption Exposure Using Customs Revenue Data. Logistics, 10(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10040081

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