Growth Dynamics and Diversity of Yeasts during Spontaneous Plum Mash Fermentation of Different Varieties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Spontaneous Plum Mash Fermentation
2.2. Yeast Enumeration and Isolation
2.3. DNA Extraction and RAPD-PCR Analysis
2.4. Amplification and Sequencing the D1/D2 Domains of the 26S rRNA Gene Region
2.5. Production of Volatile Components by Identified Yeast Strains (SPME-GC-TOFMS)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Yeast Population Changes during Spontaneous Fermentation
3.2. Yeast Identification
3.3. Biodiversity of Yeasts during Fermentation
3.4. Production of Volatile Components by Identified Yeast Strains
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain Symbol | Identification | % Identity | Query Length [bp] | Query Cover | GenBank Accession No. | Number of Isolates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Candida sake | 99.82% | 561 | 100% | MN464117 | 2 |
H1 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 100.00% | 569 | 100% | MN464118 | 20 |
H2 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 100.00% | 566 | 100% | MN464119 | 43 |
H3 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 100.00% | 556 | 100% | MN464120 | 16 |
M1 | Metschnikowia sp. | 99.59% | 490 | 100% | MN464121 | 33 |
M2 | Metschnikowia sp. | 99.59% | 492 | 100% | MN464122 | 6 |
M3 | Metschnikowia sp. | 99.39% | 495 | 100% | MN464123 | 3 |
M4 | Metschnikowia sp. | 99.80% | 507 | 98% | MN464124 | 6 |
M5 | Metschnikowia sp. | 99.39% | 493 | 100% | MN464125 | 6 |
M6 | Metschnikowia sp. | 99.39% | 494 | 100% | MN464126 | 3 |
N | Nakazawaea ernobii | 99.29% | 561 | 99% | MN464127 | 1 |
Pk | Pichia kluyveri | 100.00% | 567 | 100% | MN464128 | 3 |
P1 | Pichia kudriavzevii | 99.82% | 562 | 100% | MN464129 | 1 |
P2 | Pichia kudriavzevii | 100.00% | 556 | 100% | MN464130 | 4 |
P3 | Pichia kudriavzevii | 100.00% | 470 | 100% | MN464131 | 6 |
P4 | Pichia kudriavzevii | 100.00% | 559 | 99% | MN464132 | 7 |
R | Rhodotorula mucilaginosa | 99.82% | 562 | 100% | MN464133 | 2 |
S1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100.00% | 569 | 100% | MN464134 | 19 |
S2 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100.00% | 572 | 99% | MN464135 | 30 |
S3 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100.00% | 567 | 100% | MN464136 | 9 |
S4 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100.00% | 570 | 100% | MN464137 | 1 |
S5 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100.00% | 567 | 100% | MN464138 | 2 |
S6 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 99.63% | 542 | 100% | MN464139 | 4 |
S7 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 99.65% | 565 | 100% | MN464140 | 17 |
S8 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 99.82% | 571 | 100% | MN464141 | 4 |
S9 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 100.00% | 573 | 99% | MN464142 | 5 |
S10 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 99.47% | 565 | 100% | MN464143 | 2 |
W1 | Wickerhamomyces anomalus | 100.00% | 558 | 100% | MN464144 | 5 |
W2 | Wickerhamomyces anomalus | 100.00% | 562 | 100% | MN464145 | 2 |
Strain | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling Day | Sampling Day | |||||||||||||
0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 22 | 30 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 30 | |
Hanseniaspora uvarum H1 | 21 | 17 | ||||||||||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H2 | 57 | 40 | 50 | 29 | 14 | |||||||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H3 | 43 | 83 | 40 | 14 | 10 | |||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M1 | 32 | 17 | ||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P1 | 14 | |||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P2 | 80 | |||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P3 | 20 | |||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P4 | 43 | 17 | 15 | |||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S1 | 20 | 60 | ||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S2 | 14 | 20 | 16 | 57 | 43 | 20 | 65 | 60 | 51 | |||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S3 | 29 | 33 | 32 | 15 | 20 | |||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S5 | 20 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S7 | 28 | 20 | 20 | 49 | ||||||||||
Wickerhamomyces anomalus W1 | 47 |
Strain | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling Day | Sampling Day | |||||||||||||
0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 22 | 30 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 30 | |
Candida sake C | 11 | |||||||||||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H1 | 39 | 15 | ||||||||||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H2 | 50 | 80 | 43 | 25 | 54 | 33 | 38 | 33 | 20 | 17 | ||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H3 | 8 | 25 | ||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M1 | 39 | 20 | 31 | 67 | 54 | 50 | 20 | 16 | 20 | |||||
Pichia kluyveri Pk | 50 | |||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P2 | 6 | |||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P3 | 25 | 18 | 8 | 17 | 20 | |||||||||
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa R | 12 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S1 | 5 | 42 | 25 | 64 | 40 | 51 | 80 | |||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S2 | 29 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S5 | 9 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S6 | 14 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S7 | 14 | 17 | ||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S9 | 9 | |||||||||||||
Wickerhamomyces anomalus W2 | 13 | 16 |
Strain | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling Day | Sampling Day | ||||||||||||||
0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 23 | 30 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 30 | |
Hanseniaspora uvarum H1 | 52 | 40 | 16 | ||||||||||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H2 | 5 | 75 | 25 | 50 | 49 | 30 | 32 | 16 | |||||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H3 | 100 | 40 | 11 | 25 | 34 | ||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M1 | 39 | 18 | |||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M3 | 16 | ||||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M6 | 16 | 20 | |||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P2 | 4 | 29 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Pichia kudriavzevii P3 | 17 | 50 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S1 | 30 | 16 | 17 | 14 | |||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S2 | 33 | 75 | 33 | 17 | 17 | 28 | 51 | 67 | |||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S3 | 34 | ||||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S6 | 25 | 17 | 14 | ||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S7 | 44 | 25 | 17 | 33 | 14 | 17 | 17 | ||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S9 | 11 | 33 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S10 | 20 |
Strain | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling Day | Sampling Day | ||||||||||||||
0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 23 | 30 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 30 | |
Hanseniaspora uvarum H1 | 20 | 20 | 20 | ||||||||||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H2 | 50 | 40 | 37 | 20 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 34 | 28 | 32 | |||||
Hanseniaspora uvarum H3 | 20 | 20 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M1 | 25 | 38 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 16 | 14 | ||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M2 | 20 | 25 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M3 | 5 | 20 | |||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M4 | 5 | 40 | 12 | ||||||||||||
Metschnikowia sp. M5 | 20 | 10 | |||||||||||||
Nakazawaea ernobii N | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Rhodothorula mucilaginosa R1 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S1 | 10 | 17 | 14 | 34 | |||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S2 | 100 | 33 | 42 | ||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S3 | 34 | ||||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S4 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S7 | 30 | 24 | |||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S8 | 25 | 80 | 100 | ||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S9 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S10 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
Wickerhamomyces anomalus W1 | 13 |
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Skotniczny, M.; Satora, P.; Pańczyszyn, K.; Cioch-Skoneczny, M. Growth Dynamics and Diversity of Yeasts during Spontaneous Plum Mash Fermentation of Different Varieties. Foods 2020, 9, 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081054
Skotniczny M, Satora P, Pańczyszyn K, Cioch-Skoneczny M. Growth Dynamics and Diversity of Yeasts during Spontaneous Plum Mash Fermentation of Different Varieties. Foods. 2020; 9(8):1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081054
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkotniczny, Magdalena, Paweł Satora, Katarzyna Pańczyszyn, and Monika Cioch-Skoneczny. 2020. "Growth Dynamics and Diversity of Yeasts during Spontaneous Plum Mash Fermentation of Different Varieties" Foods 9, no. 8: 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081054