From By-Product to the Food Chain: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds as Potential Source for Oils
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Oil Extraction
2.3. Regulated Quality Parameters
2.4. Fatty Acid Profile
2.5. Vitamin E Determination
2.6. Color Determination
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Oil-Extraction Yield
3.2. Oil-Extraction Methods, Oil Quality, and Color
3.3. Fatty Acids
3.4. Vitamin E
3.5. Principal-Component Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cultivar | Peel (g/100 g seeds) | Oil-Extraction Yield (g/100 g seeds) |
---|---|---|
Amarillo Oro Canario | 36.02 ± 0.47 e | 21.43 ± 1.65 de |
Arizo | 39.51 ± 0.33 ab | 16.95 ± 1.26 g |
Blanco de Ribatejo | 37.41 ± 0.49 d | 19.64 ± 0.77 ef |
Charentais | 32.79 ± 1.19 f | 21.43 ± 1.21 de |
Honeydew | 38.15 ± 0.12 cd | 21.67 ± 0.79 d |
Piñonet | 33.00 ± 0.21 f | 29.90 ± 0.54 a |
Tendral Valenciano | 38.45 ± 0.34 bcd | 19.36 ± 1.72 f |
Tendral Verde Tardío | 39.85 ± 0.23 a | 18.92 ± 0.84 f |
Piel de Sapo conventional | 30.65 ± 0.10 g | 24.59 ± 0.73 bc |
Piel de Sapo organic | 32.89 ± 0.20 f | 24.08 ± 0.81 c |
Piel de Sapo PGI | 39.00 ± 1.36 abc | 26.23 ± 1.08 b |
Parameters | Hydraulic Press | Screw Press |
---|---|---|
Oil yield | 6.80 ± 0.63 b | 26.23 ± 1.08 a |
Regulated quality | - | - |
Acidity | 0.30 ± 0.04 b | 0.41 ± 0.05 a |
Peroxide Index | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Color | - | - |
L* | 91.28 ± 0.59 b | 92.75 ± 0.60 a |
a* | −4.70 ± 0.41 a | −7.40 ± 0.90 b |
b* | 20.97 ± 1.44 b | 29.62 ± 1.46 a |
Amarillo Oro Canario | Arizo | Blanco de Ribatejo | Charentais | Honey Dew | Piñonet | Tendral Valenciano | Tendral Verde Tardío | Piel de Sapo Conventinal | Piel de Sapo Organic | Piel de Sapo PGI | Piel de Sapo PGI Hydraulic | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C14:0 | 0.04 ± 0.00 f | 0.05 ± 0.00 c | 0.06 ± 0.00 b | 0.04 ± 0.00 g | 0.05 ± 0.00 d | 0.06 ± 0.00 a | 0.04 ± 0.00 e | 0.05 ± 0.00 c | 0.06 ± 0.00 a | 0.04 ± 0.00 ef | 0.04 ± 0.00 h | 0.04 ± 0.00 h |
C15:0 | 0.03 ± 0.00 f | 0.03 ± 0.00 ab | 0.03 ± 0.00 a | 0.03 ± 0.00 cd | 0.02 ± 0.00 f | 0.03 ± 0.00 bc | 0.03 ± 0.00 bc | 0.03 ± 0.00 d | 0.03 ± 0.00 cd | 0.03 ± 0.00 c | 0.02 ± 0.00 e | 0.03 ± 0.00 e |
C16:0 | 8.59 ± 0.01 h | 9.39 ± 0.02 e | 9.43 ± 0.00 c | 9.74 ± 0.00 a | 7.19 ± 0.01 k | 8.22 ± 0.01 j | 9.40 ± 0.02 d | 9.72 ± 0.00 b | 8.65 ± 0.01 g | 8.25 ± 0.00 i | 9.10 ± 0.01 f | 9.10 ± 0.01 f |
C16:1 | 0.09 ± 0.00 e | 0.08 ± 0.00 i | 0.09 ± 0.00 h | 0.10 ± 0.00 d | 0.06 ± 0.00 k | 0.08 ± 0.00 h | 0.10 ± 0.00 b | 0.10 ± 0.00 c | 0.08 ± 0.00 h | 0.08 ± 0.00 j | 0.12 ± 0.00 a | 0.12 ± 0.00 a |
C17:0 | 0.07 ± 0.00 cd | 0.08 ± 0.00 a | 0.08 ± 0.00 ab | 0.07 ± 0.00 de | 0.06 ± 0.00 e | 0.07 ± 0.00 bcd | 0.07 ± 0.00 cd | 0.07 ± 0.00 abc | 0.07 ± 0.00 de | 0.08 ± 0.00 a | 0.08 ± 0.00 ab | 0.07 ± 0.00 abc |
C17:1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 a | 0.03 ± 0.00 a | 0.01 ± 0.00 e | 0.01 ± 0.00 cd | 0.01 ± 0.00 g | 0.01 ± 0.00 fg | 0.02 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 c | 0.01 ± 0.00 cde | 0.01 ± 0.00 f | 0.01 ± 0.00 cd | 0.01 ± 0.00 de |
C18:0 | 5.15 ± 0.01 i | 5.66 ± 0.01 c | 5.47 ± 0.01 e | 5.29 ± 0.01 g | 5.65 ± 0.00 d | 5.67 ± 0.00 b | 4.57 ± 0.01 k | 5.01 ± 0.00 j | 5.21 ± 0.00 h | 5.86 ± 0.01 a | 5.35 ± 0.00 f | 5.36 ± 0.00 f |
C18:1n9c | 18.66 ± 0.03 i | 27.85 ± 0.03 d | 21.06 ± 0.00 g | 15.60 ± 0.02 k | 22.05 ± 0.03 f | 31.65 ± 0.01 c | 15.98 ± 0.00 j | 15.23 ± 0.00 l | 18.88 ± 0.00 h | 25.83 ± 0.04 e | 33.96 ± 0.03 a | 33.78 ± 0.04 b |
C18:2n6c | 66.83 ± 0.05 d | 56.02 ± 0.01 i | 63.11 ± 0.01 g | 68.44 ± 0.00 c | 64.31 ± 0.01 f | 53.59 ± 0.00 j | 69.22 ± 0.04 a | 69.15 ± 0.00 b | 66.37 ± 0.00 e | 59.13 ± 0.05 h | 50.69 ± 0.03 l | 50.87 ± 0.03 k |
C20:0 | 0.17 ± 0.00 h | 0.28 ± 0.00 a | 0.22 ± 0.00 e | 0.24 ± 0.00 c | 0.18 ± 0.00 g | 0.23 ± 0.00 c | 0.18 ± 0.00 g | 0.21 ± 0.00 f | 0.22 ± 0.00 e | 0.25 ± 0.00 b | 0.23 ± 0.00 d | 0.23 ± 0.00 d |
C18:3n3 | 0.16 ± 0.00 i | 0.26 ± 0.00 a | 0.22 ± 0.00 c | 0.23 ± 0.00 b | 0.17 ± 0.00 g | 0.14 ± 0.00 k | 0.19 ± 0.00 f | 0.21 ± 0.00 d | 0.20 ± 0.00 e | 0.20 ± 0.00 e | 0.16 ± 0.00 h | 0.15 ± 0.00 j |
C20:1n9 | 0.12 ± 0.00 f | 0.13 ± 0.00 d | 0.12 ± 0.00 e | 0.11 ± 0.00 i | 0.16 ± 0.00 a | 0.15 ± 0.00 b | 0.11 ± 0.00 j | 0.11 ± 0.00 h | 0.12 ± 0.00 g | 0.14 ± 0.00 c | 0.13 ± 0.00 d | 0.13 ± 0.00 d |
C21:0 | 0.00 ± 0.00 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 ab | 0.01 ± 0.00 a | 0.01 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 d | 0.00 ± 0.00 c | 0.00 ± 0.00 e | 0.01 ± 0.00 ab | 0.01 ± 0.00 ab | 0.00 ± 0.00 c | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 b |
C20:2 | 0.01 ± 0.00 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 e | 0.01 ± 0.00 cd | 0.01 ± 0.00 bc | 0.02 ± 0.00 a | 0.01 ± 0.00 e | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 bc | 0.01 ± 0.00 cd | 0.01 ± 0.00 e | 0.01 ± 0.00 e |
C22:0 | 0.03 ± 0.00 i | 0.07 ± 0.00 a | 0.05 ± 0.00 d | 0.05 ± 0.00 d | 0.04 ± 0.00 h | 0.05 ± 0.00 e | 0.04 ± 0.00 g | 0.05 ± 0.00 f | 0.05 ± 0.00 d | 0.05 ± 0.00 c | 0.06 ± 0.00 b | 0.06 ± 0.00 b |
C24:0 | 0.05 ± 0.00 cd | 0.07 ± 0.01 a | 0.05 ± 0.00 b | 0.04 ± 0.00 de | 0.05 ± 0.00 bc | 0.04 ± 0.00 ef | 0.04 ± 0.00 g | 0.04 ± 0.00 g | 0.04 ± 0.00 fg | 0.05 ± 0.00 bc | 0.04 ± 0.00 de | 0.04 ± 0.00 de |
SFA | 14.11 ± 0.03 i | 15.62 ± 0.01 a | 15.39 ± 0.02 c | 15.50 ± 0.02 b | 13.23 ± 0.02 j | 14.38 ± 0.01 g | 14.37 ± 0.03 g | 15.18 ± 0.01 d | 14.33 ± 0.01 h | 14.61 ± 0.01 f | 14.92 ± 0.01 e | 14.92 ± 0.01 e |
MUFA | 18.89 ± 0.03 i | 28.09 ± 0.03 d | 21.28 ± 0.00 g | 15.82 ± 0.02 k | 22.27 ± 0.03 f | 31.88 ± 0.01 c | 16.21 ± 0.01 j | 15.45 ± 0.00 l | 19.09 ± 0.00 h | 26.04 ± 0.05 e | 34.22 ± 0.03 a | 34.04 ± 0.04 b |
PUFA | 67.00 ± 0.05 d | 56.29 ± 0.02 i | 63.34 ± 0.01 g | 68.69 ± 0.01 c | 64.50 ± 0.01 f | 53.74 ± 0.01 j | 69.43 ± 0.04 a | 69.37 ± 0.01 b | 66.58 ± 0.01 e | 59.35 ± 0.05 h | 50.86 ± 0.03 l | 51.03 ± 0.03 k |
Cultivar | α-T | α-T3 | γ-T | β-T3 | γ-T3 | δ-T | Total Vit E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amarillo Oro Canario | 56.04 ± 1.81 e | 11.38 ± 0.42 c | 278.26 ± 4.63 d | 13.94 ± 1.12 de | 11.31 ± 0.62 d | 25.84 ± 0.88 b | 396.76 ± 1.45 d |
Arizo | 37.42 ± 1.16 h | - | 358.45 ± 0.07 b | 18.90 ± 0.86 b | 12.34 ± 0.02 bc | 22.43 ± 0.08 c | 449.55 ± 2.00 c |
Blanco de Ribatejo | 59.95 ± 1.50 d | 12.62 ± 0.57 ab | 341.15 ± 7.53 c | 17.52 ± 0.63 c | 13.64 ± 0.58 a | 23.33 ± 0.88 c | 468.19 ± 3.37 b |
Charentais | 38.61 ± 1.24 h | - | 217.39 ± 1.44 e | 21.26 ± 0.34 a | 11.91 ± 0.65 cd | 27.17 ± 0.58 a | 316.33 ± 1.38 e |
Honey Dew | 41.63 ± 0.51 g | - | 456.73 ± 1.30 a | 18.93 ± 0.72 b | - | 13.34 ± 0.11 h | 530.62 ± 2.43 a |
Piñonet | 61.58 ± 0.21 d | 12.63 ± 0.63 ab | 128.28 ± 0.28 h | 11.53 ± 0.28 f | - | 17.82 ± 0.40 e | 231.83 ± 1.24 jk |
Tendral Valenciano | 74.71 ± 3.05 a | 12.87 ± 0.34 a | 99.81 ± 1.43 i | 17.20 ± 0.23 c | 12.79 ± 0.16 b | 17.80 ± 0.78 e | 235.18 ± 6.00 j |
Tendral Verde Tardío | 55.11 ± 0.43 e | 11.91 ± 0.18 bc | 143.84 ± 1.10 g | 20.79 ± 0.13 a | 12.26 ± 0.53 bc | 19.48 ± 0.51 d | 263.40 ± 1.51 h |
Piel de sapo conventional | 59.91 ± 0.21 d | - | 180.49 ± 4.35 f | 20.37 ± 0.53 a | 13.04 ± 0.53 ab | 16.26 ± 0.29 f | 290.06 ± 3.85 g |
Piel de sapo organic | 52.47 ± 0.99 f | - | 212.81 ± 0.52 e | 14.24 ± 0.04 d | 12.99 ± 0.07 ab | 14.78 ± 1.08 g | 307.29 ± 0.39 f |
Piel de sapo PGI | 64.86 ± 0.30 c | 12.60 ± 0.27 ab | 128.44 ± 1.77 h | 13.02 ± 0.10 e | 13.69 ± 0.15 a | 9.40 ± 0.22 i | 241.99 ± 1.67 i |
Piel de sapo PGI HP | 68.86 ± 0.46 b | - | 125.35 ± 2.03 h | 13.45 ± 0.02 de | 12.70 ± 0.48 bc | 9.33 ± 0.79 i | 229.70 ± 1.24 k |
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Rabadán, A.; Nunes, M.A.; Bessada, S.M.F.; Pardo, J.E.; Oliveira, M.B.P.P.; Álvarez-Ortí, M. From By-Product to the Food Chain: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds as Potential Source for Oils. Foods 2020, 9, 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101341
Rabadán A, Nunes MA, Bessada SMF, Pardo JE, Oliveira MBPP, Álvarez-Ortí M. From By-Product to the Food Chain: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds as Potential Source for Oils. Foods. 2020; 9(10):1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101341
Chicago/Turabian StyleRabadán, Adrián, M. Antónia Nunes, Silvia M. F. Bessada, José E. Pardo, M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, and Manuel Álvarez-Ortí. 2020. "From By-Product to the Food Chain: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds as Potential Source for Oils" Foods 9, no. 10: 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101341
APA StyleRabadán, A., Nunes, M. A., Bessada, S. M. F., Pardo, J. E., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., & Álvarez-Ortí, M. (2020). From By-Product to the Food Chain: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds as Potential Source for Oils. Foods, 9(10), 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101341